...in the war against Germany, laid down 14 principles or bases for a programme of world peace: I. — Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at. after which there shall be no private International understanding of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and In the public view. II. —...

...Senator Borah that the treaty would be negotiated in public ? " " What has become of the point about ' open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understanding of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in public view ? ' " « »...

...covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understanding of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. Second. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and...

...should enter into a side treaty with France to protect her in the future. Notice what the article says: "after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind." Now, if these are not private understandings of some kind, and of the most vicious kind — that is,...

...programme of world peace: I.— Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at. after which there shnll be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed alwajs frankly and in the public view. II.— Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside...

...is clear enough if one thinks about the domestic political conditions necessary for his first point: "Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after...shall proceed always frankly and in the public view." Moreover, his 1917 war message openly asserted that "a steadfast concert of peace can never be maintained...

...the revelation of the secret treaties, which was attempted in the very first of the Fourteen Points: 'Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after...diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.'67 Thus, democratic diplomacy was appended to the other elements of democratic ideology that...

...Fourteen Points for peace. He denounced the 'secret covenants' of old diplomatic practices; he called for 'open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after...but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in public view' (Walworth 1969, p. 148). Next, Wilson reiterated his old sine qua non of peace: 'absolute...

...by President Wilson in the first of his Fourteen Points enacted in the Treaty of Versailles in 1919: "Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after...diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view."1 There is a startling extremism in this famous formulation. Openness is celebrated as both a...

...the Fourteen Points to be used as a guide for a peace settlement. His first point stated the goal: "open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after...diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view."5 Wilson surely believed this, and he surely was believed. Yet as the twentieth century advanced,...