...relation to a Supreme Being involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological...or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code."58 The Court's test for determining the meaning of the statutory definition was "whether a given...

...relation to a Supreme Being, involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological,...or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code."38 Congress had explicitly used the term "Supreme Being" in defining religious belief, but the...

..."Supreme Being." The new provision of the 1967 law read as follows: "Religious training and belief does not include essentially political, sociological...philosophical views, or a merely personal moral code."*" According to Henry J. Abraham, the congressional "hawks" were unable to require a belief in an organized...

...relation to a Supreme Being involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological,...philosophical views or a merely personal moral code." Id. at 613. The reference to a "Supreme Being" was dropped in 1967. Pub. L. No. 90-40, 81 Stat, 104....

...Seeger decision by changing the draft law in 1967 to read as follows: "Religious training and belief does not include essentially political, sociological...philosophical views, or a merely personal moral code." Quoted in Henry J. Abraham and Barbara A. Perry, Freedom & the Court: Civil Rights and Liberties in...

...conscientiously opposed to participation in war in any form." But such training and belief, the Act says, "does not include essentially political, sociological,...philosophical views or a merely personal moral code." Yet, as Mr. Fortas notes, in the Seeger case of 1965, the Supreme Court held that a profound moral...

...relationship to a Supreme Being involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological,...philosophical views or a merely personal moral code." o During the Vietnam War, which coincided (pethaps relatedly) with a drift away from traditional religion...

...relation to a Supreme Being involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological,...or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code."49 A Senate report cited the Ninth Circuit opinion, but floor debate in the House and Senate...

..."religious training and belief" directly connected to the rejections in the last part of the phrase ("but does not include essentially political, sociological, or philosophical views, or a merely personal code"), restrict it firmly to traditional believers. Enough other members of Congress—one would guess...

...1967 draft law omitted the phrase "Supreme Being" but specified that "religious training and belief does not include essentially political, sociological,...philosophical views, or a merely personal moral code," 17 a provision that Black in Welsh urged the Court "not to take too literally.") In the Sherbert case...