...overthrowing or destroying any government i the United States by force or violence, or' attempts to do so; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society, group, or isembly of persons who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destrucon of any such government...

...criminal sanctions. Since 1940, the Smith Act has threatened with fine and imprisonment anyone who: organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society,...advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of any [government in the United States] by force or violence; or becomes or is a member of, or affiliate...

...criminal sanctions. Since 1940, the Smith Act has threatened witi^ fine and imprisonment anyone who: organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society,...advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of any [government in the United States] by force or * See, eg, Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei,...

...overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize...destruction of any such government by force or violence ; or l>econies or is a member of. or affiliates with, any such society, group, or assembly of persons, knowing...

...overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so ; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize...advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of nny such government by force or violence: or becomes or is a member of, or affiliates with, any such...

...clause of the Smith Act, which prohibits organization of or membership with knowledge of the purpose in "any society, group, or assembly of persons who teach,...advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of [the] government."41 S. l prohibits an individual from organizing a conspiracy which engages in advocacy...

...imprisonment together with a fine of $20,000 upon anyone who "becomes or is a member of, or affiliates with, any . . . society, group, or assembly of persons [who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow of the existing government by force or violence], knowing the purposes therefor. . . ." * Rejecting...

...most vital words. Appellants attack subsection (a) (3) which makes it a crime "to organize or help to organize any society, group, or assembly of persons...advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction of any government in the United States by force or violence ; or to be or become a member of, or affiliate...

...overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so ; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize...force or violence ; or becomes or is a member of. or .•iffiliutcs with, any such society, group, or assembly of persons, knowing the purposes thereof...

...advocate, or encourage I'.- overthrow or destruction of any such government by fore* or • . >!t-nce; or becomes or is a member of, or affiliates with, any such • . icty, group, or assembly of persons, knowing the purposes thereof Shall be fined not more than...