...the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners, constantly working underground to mine the foundations of our confederated fabric. They are...special government to a general and Supreme one alone." When I speak of the Federal judiciary I speak of system, and not of individual Judges, because there...

...late as 1820, in his letter to Mr. Ritchie, when he said, " The judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...co-ordination of a general and special government to a supreme one alone. * * * A judiciary independent of a king or executive alone is a good thing, but...

...the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners, constantly working underground to mine the foundations of our confederated fabric. They are...special government to a general and supreme one alone." When I speak of the Federal Judiciary, I speak of the system, and not of the individual Judges, because...

...judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working underground to undermine the foundations of our confederated fabric....one alone. This will lay all things at their feet. . . . An opinion is huddled upon in conclave, perhaps by a majority of one. delivered as if unanimous,...

...the judge is the first engine of tyranny. — THOMAS GIBBON The judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...undermine the foundations of our confederated fabric. — THOMAS JEFFERSON Let justice roll on like a river and righteousness like an everlasting stream....

...Jefferson, ed. Andrew A. Lipscomb, vol. 15, p. 326 (1903). 943 The judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...undermine the foundations of our confederated fabric. ... A judiciary independent of a king or executive alone, is a good thing; but independence of the...

...1820 that it is not the Congress "we have most to fear." The "judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...and special government to a general and supreme one above. This will lay all things at their feet." What could rein in the unaccountable judiciary? Impeachment...

...branches of the federal government. "The judiciary of the United States," he wrote in 1820, "is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...fabric. They are construing our Constitution from a general and special government to a general and supreme one alone. This will lay all things at their...

...chosen usurpation,*" especially given his description in 1820 of the federal judiciary as a "subtle core of sappers and miners constantly working under ground to undermine the foundations of our confederated republic."36 The problem posed by Marshall and McCullochis, of course, repeated in many other cases....

...limited one. So abhorrent did Jefferson find these decisions that he described the Marshall Court as "the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working...ground to undermine the foundations of our confederated fabric."20 Constitutional Construction In order to maintain the foundations of the republic, Jefferson...