Nebraska Congregational Church History Society. He prepared a portion of the History of Higher Education in Nebraska for the series published by the Bureau of Education at Washington, which has not, however, yet appeared.

Mr. David Ellsworth Spencer has been elected Assistant Professor of History in Leland Stanford Jr. University. Mr. Spencer was born February 22, 1863, in Berlin, Green Lake County, Wis. Не attended the State Normal School, Oshkosh, Wis., 1876-82, when he entered the State University, receiving the degree B. L. in 1887. Mr. Spencer was Instructor in Rhetoric at the University of Wisconsin, 1888–89, and Instructor in History, 1889-90. Mr. Spencer studied history a half year at Johns Hopkins, and two years at Harvard, 1890-92. In 1891 Harvard gave him an A. M., and during the year 1891-92 he was Assistant in History in that institution. The following year he was Acting Assistant Professor of History in the University of Michigan, which position he resigned to accept the call to Stanford. His published works comprise :

"Local Government in Wisconsin." Studies. Eighth series, 1890.

"Higher Education in Wisconsin."

tion, Circular of Information, No. 1, 1889.

Pp. 10. Johns Hopkins

Pp. 68. Bureau of Educa

Dr. Amos G. Warner,* on the first of last April, resigned the position of Superintendent of Charities for the District of Columbia, to accept that of Professor of Economics in the Leland Stanford Jr. University. Professor Warner's recent works are:

"First and Second Reports of the Superintendent of Charities of the District of Columbia."

"Charities and their Administration," (abstract of a course of ten lectures), Johns Hopkins Circular of Information.

"The Evolution of Charities and Charitable Institutions," an address before the Brooklyn Ethical Association.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.-Dr. William Z. Ripley has been elected Instructor in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was born October 13, 1867, at Medford, Mass. In his youth he attended the public schools at Newton, Mass., from which he entered, in 1886, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, taking up the course in civil engineering. He graduated in 1890 with the degree of B. S. The following year he held a fellowship in Political Science at the Institute. Mr. Ripley then entered Columbia College, holding for two years a fellowship in Political Economy and receiving, in 1892, the degree of A. M., and in 1893 that of * See ANNALS, Vol. II., p. 106, July, 1892.

Ph. D. In addition to his appointment at the Institute he has been appointed Lecturer in Physical Geography and Anthropology at the School of Political Science of Columbia College to succeed Dr. C. B. Spahr. Dr. Ripley is a member of the following scientific associations: American Statistical Association; New York Academy of Political Science; and American Economic Association, to the council of which he was elected in 1893. He has published:

"The Financial History of Virginia, 1607–1776.” Columbia College Studies in History, Economics and Public Law. Vol. IV., No. 1, Pp. 170. New York, 1893.

"The Commercial Policy of Europe." Political Science Quarterly. December, 1892.

Dr Ripley is engaged at present upon the continuation of the History of Virginia, and expects to publish a volume bringing it down to date in the course of a year.

Ohio State University.—Mr. Wilbur Henry Siebert, formerly Assistant in History and Political Science at the Ohio State University at Columbus, has been appointed Assistant Professor of History in that institution. Professor Siebert was born in Columbus, Ohio, on August 30, 1866. His early education was obtained in the public schools of that city. In 1883 he entered the Ohio State University and graduated in 1888 with the degree of A. B. The next two years he studied at Harvard, receiving the degree of A. B. from that university in 1889, and the degree of A. M. in 1890. During 1890-91 he spent one semester at the University of Freiburg, and the summer semester of 1891 at the University of Berlin. In September, 1891, he accepted the position of Assistant in History and Political Science at Ohio University, which he has filled up to the present time. Professor Siebert is a member of the Harvard Historical Society and of the Ohio College Association. He is engaged on a work relating to the history of the "Underground Railroad" of ante-bellum days in the Northwest Territory.

University of Pennsylvania.—Dr. Emory R. Johnson* has been elected lecturer on Transportation in the College Department.

Dr. William Draper Lewist has been elected lecturer on Legal Institutions in the College Department.

Trinity College.-Mr. John Spencer Bassett was recently appointed Professor of History at Trinity College, N. C. Mr. Bassett was born September 10, 1867, at Tarboro, Edgecomb County, N. C. His early education was obtained at the Goldsboro (N. C.) Graded and High Schools, and at the Davis School at La Grange, N. C. He then * See ANNALS, Vol. iv, p. 306, September, 1893.

† See ANNALS, Vol. iii, p. 89, July, 1892.

entered Trinity College, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1888. From 1888 to 1890 he taught in the graded schools of Durham, N. C. The next year he filled the position of Assistant in English and History and Principal of the Preparatory Department in Trinity College. In the fall of 1891 he entered Johns Hopkins University, where he is now pursuing graduate work. For the ensuing year he holds the Historical Fellowship at that University. He has been granted one year's leave of absence and will not enter upon his duties this year.

He has written :

"A North Carolina Monastery," Magazine of American History, February, 1893, and has in preparation a monograph on "The Con stitutional Beginnings of North Carolina," which will appear in the next series of Johns Hopkins University Publications.

Wheaton College.-Professor Elliot Whipple has been appointed to the newly established chair of Social Science, which includes also Political and Governmental Science, at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Ill. He was born on September 11, 1842, at St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County, Vt. His early education was obtained at the district public schools of Johnsbury and Columbia, N. H., and at the Colebrook and Oxford Academies of the same State. In 1860 he entered Dartmouth College, graduating with the degree of A. B. in 1864. In 1870 he received the degree of A. M. from Wheaton College. From 1864 to 1867 he taught in public and private schools in Massachusetts. In 1867 he was appointed tutor in Wheaton College, which position he occupied until 1870, when he was appointed Professor of Natural Science at that college. Two years later he became Professor of Mathematics at Westfield College, Ia. From 1873 to 1875 he was Principal of Bunker Hill Academy in Illinois. In 1875 he became Professor of Natural Science at Westfield College, and in 1877 Superintendent of Schools at Mishawaka, Ind.

Two years later, in 1879, he returned to New Hampshire as Principal of McGaw Normal Institute at Merrimack. He remained there for seven years, when he went to Santa Fé, New Mexico, to become Superintendent of the Ramona Indian School. In 1887 he returned to his former position as Professor of Natural Science at Wheaton College, which position he has lately resigned to accept the new chair to which he has been elected. Professor Whipple is a member of the National Teachers' Association and of the Illinois and the New Hampshire State Teachers' Associations, having served in 1877 as District Vice-President of the Illinois Association, and from 1880 to 1885 as Treasurer of the New Hampshire Association.

Wisconsin University.-Professor John Barber Parkinson, who formerly occupied the chair of Civil Polity and Political Economy at

the University of Wisconsin, has been elected Professor of Constitutional and International Law at that university. Professor Parkinson was born April 11, 1834, at Edwardsville, Madison Co., Ill. He attended public schools in Wisconsin and prepared for the University at Beloit College, Beloit, Wis. In 1856 he entered the University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1860 with the degree of A. B. Three years later he received the degree of A. M. from the same university. He held an Instructorship in the University of Wisconsin for one year immediately after graduation. He was then County Superintendent of Schools for two years, and for the three years following, 1863-66, was principal of an academy. In 1866 he was appointed a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin, and was elected a professor in the same institution in 1867. In 1874 he resigned this position to engage in journalism. The next year, 1875-76, he was President of the Wisconsin State Board of Centennial Managers. He was re-elected in 1876 to the chair of Civil Polity and Political Economy at Wisconsin University, and in 1885 was made Vice-President of the University. Professor Parkinson is a charter member of the Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters; a member, and for the last sixteen years a director, of the Wisconsin State Historical Society; and a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

ENGLAND.

Owens College.—Mr. Alfred William Flux has been appointed Lecturer on Political Economy at Owens College, Manchester. He was born April 8, 1867, at Portsmouth, and had his early education in the Portsmouth Grammar School. He entered St. Johns College, Cambridge, in 1884, taking his degree of A. B. with mathematical honors (bracketed senior wrangler) in 1887. In 1889 he secured the "Marshall Prize" of the university for Political Economy, and in the same year was elected to a fellowship at St. Johns College. Mr. Flux has taken part in the University Extension movement and delivered several courses of lectures in this work.

Mr. Flux is Fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society and the Royal Statistical Society, and member of the British Economic Association and the London Mathematical Society. He has contributed several articles, among them one on "Diagrams," to the Dictionary of Political Economy, edited by Mr. R. H. Inglis Palgrave.

FRANCE.

Paris. On September 13, M. Benoit Malon, the well-known socialist author, died at Paris. M. Malon was born near Saint-Étienne, Department of Loire, in 1841, and was the son of a farmer. His elder brother, who was teacher in the department, was his first instructor.

He was first a laborer and then a workman in a dye-house near Paris. In 1868 he became one of the founders of the International in the Seine, and as such was condemned to three months in prison. He then went to Italy and became a printer, and lived in turn in Como, Palermo, Lugano and Milan. Here he published many successful works. He taught himself Italian in the library at Milan, becoming thoroughly conversant with that language. M. Malon took a com

paratively prominent part in Italian politics, working for the socialists and against the anarchists. After the general amnesty of 1880 he returned to France and founded the Parti Ouvrier. After two years

he gave up active work as an agitator and devoted himself to his writings.

He was the author of the following works:
"La Grève des Mineurs" (a poem).

"La Troisième défaite du prolétariat français."
"Exposé des Ecoles socialistes françaises.”
"L'Internationale, son histoire et ses principes."
"Histoire critique de l'Économie politique."

"La Morale sociale."

“Manuel d'Économie sociale.”

"Le Nouveau Parti." 2 vols.

"Il Socialismo."

'Questioni ardente."

"Le Parti ouvrier en France."

Capital et Travail." (French translation of Lasalle's work.)

"La Quintessence du socialisme." (French translation of Schäffle's

Précis historique, théorique et pratique de Socialisme." 1892. This last work was the first number of a series of "Lundis Socialistes." The second volume, on "Doctrines, Actes et Faits," he was preparing at the time of his death. He was also at work on a third volume of "Le Socialisme Intégral.”

GERMANY.

Greifswald.-Professor C. J. Fuchs,* hitherto Extraordinary Professor of Economics, has been promoted to the rank of ordinary * See ANNALS, Vol. i, p. 142, and Vol. ii, p. 109.