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INDEX

Acquisitive society, 147
Advertising, consumption and, 100-03
Agriculture, problems of, Chapter
XVIII, 320-45; income, 320-3;
wealth, 323-5; population, 325-7;
prices, 329-32; taxation, 325-7;
transportation, 338; marketing, 340-
2; credit, 341, 575; international,
342-4; tariff, 696-7; medieval, 18;
development, 29-30; production in-
dexes, 41; per capita, 47-8; per
worker, 48-9

Anthropology, early industry and, 7
Arbitration, 435-40

Automatic machine, 54-7

Backward countries, industrial revo-
lution, 37

Banking, Chapter XXVII, 553-78;
classification, 553-4; commercial,
554-5; discount, deposit and issue,
555-9; reserves, 564-5; Federal re-
serve system, 562-4; discounts,
565-6, 569-70; clearance, 572-5;
agriculture and, 576; price control,
576-8; business cycle, 605-8; for-
eign trade, 701

Bargaining power, wages and, 381-2
Barter, 11

Birth rates, 411-12
Budgets, 82; fiscal, 741
Business, research, 77

Business cycle, wage control and, 389-
91; employment and, 421-3; prices.
and, 541; meaning of, 578; dura-
tion of, 578-81; phases of, 581-5;
securities and speculation, 585-6;
commodity prices, 587-9; interest
rates, 590-1; profits, 592-4; Federal
reserve policy, 599-607; production,
597-9; consumption, 599-600; em-
ployment, 601-3; theories of, 603-5;
stabilization of, 605-11

Capital, Chapters XIV-XVI, 247-94;
definitions, 247-8; supply and de-
mand, 253-7; corporation and,
257-9; value and, 259-61; growth
of, 269-71; fluctuations in supply,

273-4; fluctuations in demand, 274;
savings, 280-2; export of, 652-3
Capitalization, and value, 166-8; and
land, 299-301

Choices, making of, 92; controlling
factors, 92-5; guidance of, 99-106
Clayton Act, 756-8

Clearance, banks, 571-5
Coinage, 497-500

Collective bargaining, 429-33, 780-92
Combination, 66-8; trend toward, 465-
7; evolution of forms of, 469-71;
reasons for, 477; advantages of,
478-81; successes and failures,
483-7; foreign trade and, 702
Commerce, 18th century, 19-20; see
exports and imports

Communication, development of, 28-
30

Communism, 772

Comparative advantage, 664-7
Compensated dollar, 576-7; 607-8
Competition, unfair, 175-7; and price
cutting, 176; discrimination, 177;
and uniform price, 178-81; and
reason, 181-2; and monopoly, 189-
93; large scale, 487-91; coöperation
and, 491-2; 126-7
Complementary goods, 122
Conservation, 59-61
Consumer's goods, 149-52
Consumption, Chapters VI-VII, 79-
112; defined, 5; business cycle, 599-
601; taxes and, 726-8; socialism
and, 776; meaning of, 79; measure-
ment of, 80; description of, 81-7;
fluctuations of, 86-8; margin of, 122
Control, public, Chapter XXXVI,
745-68

Coördination, 61-4

Corporation, capital and, 257-9; as
property institution, 451-3; man-
agement of, 471-7; taxes and, 722-
4; research, 74-5
Cost, psychological, 118-19; oppor-
tunity, 121; increasing, 132; de-
creasing, 132-3; constant, 133;
joint, 133-4; overhead, 134-6; nor-
mal, 136-8; original, 170; repro-

duction, 170-1; land returns and,
315-7; marginal, 264-6

Cost of living, 373-5, 391; tariff and,
695-6

Credit, Chapter XXV, 493-523; agri-
culture, 341-2; see banking
Customs duties, 728-9

Cyclical changes, profit, 160; interest,
276; see business cycles

Cyclical fluctuation, 51, 87-88, 160,

276

Dawes commission, report of, 551-2
Death rates, 411-12

Debt, public, 736-40

Demand, Chapter IX, 125-43; indexes,
156-7; reversal of, 163-4; interest
and, 253-7; of capital, 274; of land,
301; of money, 513-14; marginal,
128-30; elasticity of, 130
economic,

Democracy,

XXXVIII, 780-92

Derived value, 123

Chapter

Diminishing returns, 306-9; and size
of management, 311; and popula-
tion growth, 311
Discount policy, 569-70
Distribution, Part IV; defined, 6;
profit, Chapters XII-XIII, 195-
246; personal inequalities, 442-5;
socialistic, 777-9; indexes, 155-6;
land, Chapters XVII-XVIII, 295-
345; capital and interest, Chapters
XIV-XVI, 247-94; wages, Chapters
XIX-XXI, 346-441
Disutility, 118; marginal, 119
Division of labor, primitive, 10; effi-
ciency of, 52-3; geographic, 58-9
Dollar, consumer's, 89-90

Economics, definition, 1-6
Efficiency, 63

Employee relations, 417-41

Employment, nature of, 417-19; fluc-
tuations in, 421-3; business cycles,
601-03

Entrepreneur, The, 66

Equation, of money and prices, 514-

17

Evolution, economic, 8; of value the-

ory, 140-2; consumption, 107
Excess profits, 209-11
Excess profits tax, 730
Exchange, defined, 5-6; see value and
exchange

Expenditures, government and, 710-14
Exports, advantage of, 664-8; geo-

graphical distribution, 668-70; by
commodity groups, 670-5; domestic
production and, 671-3, 676-8; for-
eign exchange and, 678-84; phys-
ical quantities of, 680; tariff and,
686-98; methods of competition,
699-703; government and, 699-700;
of capital, Chapter XXXI, 652-63

Factors in production, 64-6
Fatigue, 425-9

Federal reserve notes, 501, 571
Federal reserve system, administra-
tion, 562-4; reserves, 564-5; dis-
counting, 566-8; clearings, 571-5;
members, 575-6; farm credit, 576;
business cycle, 595-7

Federal trade commission, 756-8
Fiat money, 511-12; and foreign ex-
change, 632-52

Fiscal duties of banks, 575; budgets,
740

Fluctuations, types of, 49-51
Food, and consumption, 81-4
Foreign exchange, nature of, 613;
demand and supply, 614; balance
sheet of United States, 614-19;
bills and documents, 619-20; mar-
kets, 621-2; par, 624-6, 633-9; au-
tomatic correctives, 626-8; gold
standard, 620-31; fiat standard,
632-42; world war, 632-52; stabili-
zation of, 646-9; effect on trade,
678-81

Foreign investment, 653-63

Foreign trade, Chapters XXXII-
XXXIII, 664-704; see Exports and
Imports

France, industrial revolution, 33; in-
flation, 549

Free trade, 691-2

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72-4; regulation, 31; taxation and,
Chapter XXXIII-XXXIV, 707-44;
productive character of, 707-10; in-
crease of expenses, 710-14; revenue
sources, 714-16, 752-8; debts of,
736-40; regulation of business, 750-
60; and consumption, 104-6; profit
and, 234-7; foreign trade and, 699-
700

History, economic, Chapters II-III,
7-38

Hours of work, 423-5

Immigration, 404-7

Imports, advantage of, 664-8; tariff
and, 686-98; raw materials and,
702-6

Incentives, of labor, 376-81; and in-
vention, 76-7

Incidence of taxation, 741-4
Income, tax on, 2-3; agricultural,
319-23; labor, 391-3; inequalities
of, 442-63; effort and, 445-6; fac-
tory workers, 96-8, 157; farm, 98
Income taxes, 729-34

Increasing costs, and land, 309-10;
and value, 132

Indexes, analysis of price, 525-31
Industrialism, 37

Industrial peace, 435-41

Industrial revolution, origin, 20-1; in-
ventions, 22-30; in England, 22-4,
35; in United States, 24-7; world
wide, 32-7
Inequalities, wages and, 354-7; of
ownership and income, Chapter
XXIII, 442-63; value and, 120-1
Inflation, Chapter XXVI, 525-52;
profit and, 234-5; wages and,
393-4; chart of, 518; profiteering
and, 521; social consequences. 521-
4; agriculture and, 522; United
States, 544-5; world, 547-56
Inheritance taxes, 734-36
Institutions, 449-60

Insurance, risk and, 214-18; forms
of, 214-18

Interest, Chapters XIV-XVI, 247-94;

theory of, 249-52; supply and de-
mand, 253-7, 275; seasonal, secular,
and cyclical trends, 276-9; the right
rate, 291; business cycle, 590-1
Internal Excise, see under Govern-
ment, and Taxation

International, wages, 401-4; balance
of payments, Chapter XXIX, 613-

631; see foreign exchange; produc-
tion, 683-705
International relations, Chapters
XXIX-XXXIII, 613-704

International trade, Chapters XXXII-
XXXIII, 664-705; see Exports and
Imports

Interstate Commerce Commission,
750-1

Inventions, 22-30, 69-75

Japan, industrial revolution, 36

Labor, history of, 30; see Wages;
relations, Chapter XXII, 417-41;
hours, 423-5; bargaining power,
429-32; unions, 429-33; government
control of, 761-2

Labor unions, 784-92

Land, returns on, Chapters XVII-
XVIII, 295-345; definitions, 295-7;
ownership and tenancy, 332-5
Large scale production, 66

Legal tender, 501-2

Leisure, and consumption, 94
Localization of industry, 58

Machine, and production, 54-7; and
consumption, 94

Machine age, 11, 15-21
Malthusian theory of population,
407-15

Management, efficiency of, 63-4;
Chapter XXIV, 464-92; size of,
465-7; types of, 468-9; corporate,

471-7
Manor, 15

Manufactures, development in United
States, 22-30; indexes of, 42; value
added, 45; per capita, 47-8; per
worker, 48-9

Marginal, wage, 353-8; saving, 260-4;
producer, 264-6

Margin of substitution, and land,
304-6

Marketing, agriculture and, 340-2
Minimum wage, 370-1, 373-5
Mining, indexes of, 42

Money, defined, 494; qualities of,
495-7; kinds of in United States,
499-500; functions of, 502-5; fiat,
511-12; supply and demand, 513
Money and credit, Chapter XXV,
493-524

Money economy, Chapter X, 144;
meaning of, 144-5; differential
gains, 145-6; foreign trade, 685-6

Monopoly, and price policies, 138-9,
182-7; limits to price, 190-3; regu-
lation of, 190-2; and inequalities
of fortune, 457-8

National bank notes, 501
National bank system, 559-62
National income, estimated, 46
National wealth, estimated, 267-9
Net value product, 43

Normal cost and price, 136-8
Normal equilibrium, 161-2
Normal profit, 196-9

Note Issue, 557; history of, 559-60;
Federal reserve, 570-1;

Federal
reserve bank notes, 571; National
bank notes, 501

Opportunity cost, 121
Overhead burden, 287-8
Overhead cost, 134-6

Ownership, diffusion of, 442-5; in-
equalities of, 446-7

Par collection, 574-5

Par of exchange, 624-6, 633-9
Pecuniary, 1-6; advantage in foreign
trade, 685-6; supply and demand,
148-161; control of business, Chap-
ter X, 144-66; profit, 222-4; and
business combination, 478-80; in
international relations, 649-51
Population, and consumption, 109;

and diminishing returns, 311; and
agriculture, 327-9, 414; Malthusian
theory, 407-15; history of, 31; in-
dexes of, 42

Power, use in industry, 27, 68-9;
per capita, 47-8; per worker, 48-9
Price, defined, 6; and value, 117-18;
normal, 137-8

Price fixing, 172-3
Price maintenance, 176

Prices, wholesale and retail, 158; by
groups, 159-62; agricultural, 329-
32; indexes, 514, 527-31; quantity
theory of, 514-17; trend of general
price level, 518, 531-6; importance
of, 541-51; fluctuations, 519-24;
movements of, Chapter XXVI, 525-
52; war and post-war stabilization
of, 576-9; business cycle and, 587-9
Price system, and consumption, 94-6
Production, defined, 5, 39; measure-

ment of, 40; indexes of, 40-3;
Chapters III-V; per capita, 47-8;
per worker, 48-9; quantity, 54;

factors in, 64-6; large scale, 66;
problems of, Chapter V, 58-78; in-
dexes, 149-52; profit and, 225-7;
business cycle, 597-9; international
organization of, 683-705; socialism
and, 774-816

Profit, meaning of, 195-6; normal,
196-9; and risk, 199-202; account-
ing view of, 202-4; income tax and,
203; inequalities of, 205-10; pro-
duction and, 225-8; value and, 228-
31; wages and, 234-5; government
and, 234-6; motives and, 239-40;
business cycle and, 290-3
Promoters, economic function of,
481-3

Property institutions, 449-60; govern-
ment and, 707-10

Proportionality, land and, 309-11
Protection, tariff and, 686-91; free
trade and, 691-2; method of tariff
making, 692-4

Psychology, and consumption, 100-02;
labor and, 376-81; invention and,
761-7

Public control, 104-6

Public finance, Chapters XXXIII-
XXXIV, 707-44; see Government,
also Taxation

Public works, planning of, 609-10
Purchasing power, par of exchange,
635-40

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