A Treatise on the Law of Municipal Corporations, Volume 5

Capa
Callaghan, 1913 - 6425 páginas
 

Páginas seleccionadas

Índice

Law must authorize improvement when made 43454347
4345
Assessment for improvement already made 4347
4347
Authority to make improvement or expendi ture 4348
4348
KINDS OF IMPROVEMENT FOR WHICH AUTHORIZED 2027 Purposes of special assessments 4349
4349
Samestreet improvements in general
4351
Samesamenature of street improvements 43525354
4352
Original construction reconstruction and
4354
Sameeffect of provisions for repairs on
4361
Sewers and drains
4368
Parks and market places
4375
Samegeneral or special benefits
4383
Sameeffect of like existing improvement
4389
Railroad property
4395
Sewers and drains
4404
Property abutting
4410
Secs Pages 2061 Restricting property by depth or distance
4416
PROPERTY EXEMPT 2063 Power to exemptconstruction 44174419
4417
Religious and charitable institutions 4419
4419
Educational institutions
4420
Cemeteries and burial grounds 4421
4421
Homestead property
4423
Making of or payment for part of improve ment by property owners
4424
Exemption by agreement 4425
4425
EXERCISE of Power 2070 Municipal officers empowered to make assess ments 44264428
4426
Samecommissioners 4428
4428
Competency of commissioners 44294431
4429
Oath of commissioners 4431
4431
Notice of assessment to property owners 44324435
4432
Sufficiency of the notice 4436
4436
Service of noticepublication 44374439
4437
Hearing on proposed assessment 4439
4439
Time for making assessment 44404442
4440
Same with reference to completion of
4442
Levy of assessment 4444
4444
Mode of assessment 4445
4445
Same land in bulk or separate lots or parcels 44464449
4446
Same division of improvement into parts 4449
4449
Sametwo or more improvements in one as sessment 44504452
4450
Sameagainst part or lot or tract
4452
Apportionment of assessments 44544455
4454
Sameaccording to benefits 44554458
4455
Sameby front foot 44594461
4459
Samesuperficial area
4461
Secs Pages 2091 Same each lot for the improvement in front of it 4462
4462
Sameomission of property
4463
Same deduction of damages
4464
Samecosts and expenses included 4466
4466
Samewhat may not be included 4467
4467
Confirmation correction revision or setting aside of assessment 44684472
4468
Same nature of proceedingsnotice 44724474
4472
Sameby courtpetition or application 4474
4474
Samejurisdiction of court 4475
4475
Sameevidence 4476
4476
Samejudgment
4477
Assessment record 44784484
4478
Sufficiency of certificate warrant or tax bill 4484
4484
THE LIEN 2106 The lienmust be created by lawconstruc tion of laws 44884490
4488
Samesteps required to perfect 4490
4490
Samewhen lien attaches 4491
4491
Same duration and discharge 44924494
4492
Sameorder of priority 44944499
4494
VALIDITY AND REMEDIES 2111 Nonobservance of law authorizing improve ment 44994501
4499
Defects and irregularities affecting validity of assessment 4501
4501
Failure to advertise for bids for the work 4502
4502
Legal existence of street or way improved 4503
4503
Improvement extending on private property 4504
4504
Change of title to avoid assessment 4505
4505
Presumption of validity of assessment 45064510
4506
When and by whom assessment may be ques tioned 4510
4510
Estoppel to question validity of assessment 4512
4512
Secs Pages 2120 Sameacquiescence 45134517
4513
Sameby petitioning for improvement 45174519
4517
Sameby recital in deed 4519
4519
Sameby payment or part payment
4520
Sameby failure to object or appeal 4521
4521
Samesameapportionment of assessment
4522
Equitable reliefinjunction 45234526
4523
Reassessments 45264528
4527
Appeal from assessment 45294532
4529
Certiorari to review assessment 45324534
4532
COLLECTION and Enforcement 2131 Nature of proceedingsin rem or in personam 45354539
4535
Form of actionvalid assessment is basis 4539
4539
Sameaction at law 4540
4540
Samewarrants
4541
Same distress warrant
4542
Samein equity
4543
When assessment becomes delinquent 4544
4544
Demand of payment
4545
Venue of suit or action 4550
4550
Parties plaintiff 45514553
4551
Sameassignee 4553
4553
Parties defendantowners of land 45544556
4554
Samewife of property owner 4556
4556
Same all parties in interestmortgagee
4557
Samemunicipalitystate 4558
4558
Joinder of actions
4559
Counter claim 4566
4566
Sale of property 4567
4567
The purchasers title 4568
4568
Redemption of the property 4569
4569
CHAPTER 39
4571
Secs Pages 2157 Necessity for revenue
4572
Sources of revenue 45734574
4573
Control of legislature 4574
4574
POWER TO BORROW LOAN and Give NOTES OR ISSUE BILLS 2160 Power to borrow money 45754580
4575
Power to execute promissory notes 45804583
4580
Power to issue bills to be used as currency
4583
POWER TO INCUR INDEBTEDness and Make EXPENDITURES 2164 General rules 45864589
4586
Must be for public municipal purpose 45894592
4589
Samepower of legislature 4593
4593
Sameillustrations of what are and what are not public purposes 45954600
4595
Samemoral claims
4601
Sameaid to private corporations or associa tions 46044609
4604
Same constitutional prohibitions against do nations 46094613
4609
Conditions precedent and procedure 4613
4613
Necessity for first making provision for pay ment of debt 46144618
4614
Samerequiring provision for levy of taxes 4618
4618
Certificate that funds are applicable or indebt edness lawful
4622
Secs Pages 2177 Fiscal year 4625
4625
Estimates of probable expenditures
4626
Samegeneral expense fund
4629
Adjustment of accounts with state or county 4630
4630
Surplus funds at end of fiscal year
4632
Payment of debts 4633
4633
Effect of insufficiency of fund 4634
4634
APPROPRIATIONS 2187 Definition classification and power to make 4636
4636
Necessity for 4637
4637
Annual appropriation 46384641
4638
Ordinance passage and contents 46414643
4641
Effect of appropriations
4643
CHAPTER 40
4645
Authority to hold elections
4646
Necessity for election 46474653
4647
How question submitted 46534655
4653
Notice of election 46554659
4655
Form and scope of question or questions sub mitted 46594667
4659
Conduct and time of election 46674669
4667
Samecounting the vote returns and record 4669
4669
Number of votes necessary 46704672
4670
Effect of irregularities and attacks on validity of election 46724675
4672
Effect of favorable vote 46754677
4675
Successive elections 4677
4677
Secs Pages
4680
Same debt limits as prescribed by legislature 4690
4690
Same debt of political division as indebted
4697
Sameright to compel payment as affecting
4706
Same debts in anticipation of collection
4713
Sameinterest as indebtedness
4719
Effect of money in treasury to meet liabilities
4722
Time when indebtedness arises
4729
Evading debt limit provisions
4736
Samesinking funds
4745
Sameeffect of debt limit upon municipal acts
4751
Same issuance at a discount
4757
Interest on warrants
4763
Secs Pages 2252 Payment of warrants 4765
4765
Same from what fund payable 4766
4766
Samepriority in payment 47684770
4768
Samewarrants as receivable in payment of taxes etc 4770
4770
Assignment of warrants 4771
4771
Reissuance funding and calling in for exam ination 4772
4772
Actions on warrants 47734775
4773
Same defenses 47754777
4775
Samestatutes of limitation as barring actions on warrants 47774779
4777
Mandamus 4779
4779
CHAPTER 43
4781
TIONS
4783
Introductory 47844786
4784
Importance of the law as to municipal bonds 4786
4786
Kinds of bonds
4787
Samecoupon bonds 4788
4788
Same convertible coupons bonds and reg istered coupon bonds 4789
4789
Samerailroad aid bonds 4790
4790
Sameimprovement bonds 47914798
4791
Samefunding and refunding bonds
4798
Interest 4801
4801
Samecoupons 4803
4803
Who may attack bonds
4805
Decisions of state courts as binding on feder eral courts 48084810
4808
POWER TO ISSUE BONDS 2277 In general 48104812
4810
CHAPTER 39
4811
Implied power to issue bonds 48124815
4812
Express power to issue bonds and construction thereof 48154820
4815
Whether bonds issued for a public purpose 48204822
4820
Power to issue negotiable bonds as con ferred by power to issue bonds 4822
4822
Funding and refunding bonds 48234827
4823
Railroad aid bonds 48274830
4827
Debt limit provisions 48314833
4831
FORM AND CONTENTS 2285 General rules 48334835
4833
To whom made payable 4835
4835
Signature 4836
4836
Samenecessity for purchasers to investigate signatures 48374839
4837
Provisions as to maturity of bonds 48394842
4839
Seal
4842
Date
4843
Secs Pages 2294 Medium of payment
4844
Recitals 48454947
4845
ISSUANCE DELIVERY AND CONDITIONS PRECEDENT 2297 Time for issuance and when deemed issued 4847
4847
Delivery 4848
4848
Proceedings before issuance of bonds 48494852
4849
Samepetition or consents 48524855
4852
CHAPTER 40
4855
SALE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF BONDS 2303 Disposition of bonds 48564860
4856
Sale at less than par 48604862
4860
Negotiability of bonds 48624864
4862
What law governs
4864
Stolen or lost bonds 4865
4865
ESTOPPEL AND RATIFICATION 2309 When municipality bound by ratification or es toppel 48664869
4866
Curative statutes 4870
4870
Estoppel as to conditions precedent by mere is suance of bonds
4872
BONA FIDE PURCHASERS 2313 Definition and effect of status 4874
4874
Purchaser from a bona fide purchaser 4875
4875
Gross negligence effect of 4876
4876
Actual notice
4877
Sameexistence and contents of enabling stat ute 4878
4878
Secs Pages 2319 Same debt limit provisions
4880
Samematters appearing upon face of bonds 4881
4881
Same decisions of supreme court
4882
Sameperformance of conditions precedent
4883
Samelis pendens as notice
4884
Recitals as to ordinances resolutions or or ders of court 48964899
4896
Recitals as to consideration
4899
Recitals as to purpose of issue 49004902
4900
Recitals as estoppel to deny compliance with conditions 49024909
4902
Same rules applied to railway aid bonds 4910
4910
Recitals as affecting bonds in excess of debt limits 49114916
4911
Recitals in funding or refunding bonds 49164919
4916
Recitals showing on their face statutory pro visions not complied with
4919
Sinking funds 49214924
4921
CHAPTER 46
4922
Secs Pages 2346 Enjoining bond issue 49244926
4924
Mandamus to compel issuance of bonds
4926
Remedies where bonds invalid 49304932
4930
DEFENSES TO ACTIONS ON BONDS 2350 Introductory 49324934
4932
Want of power to issue 4934
4934
Debt limit exceeded
4935
Municipality only a de facto one
4937
SUGGESTIONS TO INVESTIGATORS OF VALIDITY OF BOND ISSUE 2357 In general 49384940
4938
CHAPTER 44
4941
Scope of chapter
4943
Power of legislature to delegate authority to tax 49454948
4945
Conditions precedent to levy 49484949
4948
Sameelections 4949
4949
Secs Pages 2363 Power as inherent 49514955
4951
Poll taxes 49554958
4955
Collateral inheritance tax
4958
Power as conferred by constitution
4959
Occupation and income taxes 4960 4961
4962
Sameconstruction of statutes granting power 4965
4965
Tax must be for a public purpose 49664971
4966
Revoking or limiting power of taxation 4971
4971
Power as lost by user or nonuser
4972
DUTY TO LEVY TAXES 2376 Duty to levy and enforcement thereof 49734975
4973
Power of legislature to compel levy of taxes 49754977
4975
CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTIONS 2378 In General 4977
4977
On power of legislature to tax for municipal purposes 4978
4978
Uniformity 4979
4979
Sametaxing districts 4980
4980
Samepower to tax one species of property only
4981
LIMITATIONS ON RATE OR AMOUNT OF TAXES 2384 Tax limits in general 49834987
4983
Tax limits as mandatory
4987
Whether all municipal taxes included within limit 49884991
4988
Effect of levy above tax limit 4991
4991
Secs Pages 2388 In general 49924997
4992
Property not receiving benefits
4997
Samevessels 5001
5001
Property annexed 5002
5002
Property of grantees of franchises 50035005
5003
Municipal bonds
5006
Federal means or agencies
5007
Rural property 50085010
5008
EXEMPTION FROM TAXATION 2399 In general 5010
5010
Construction of exemption provisions 5015
5015
Repeal or revocation 5016
5016
Exemption as assignable
5017
Procedure to levy taxes 50205025
5020
Sameassessment 50255031
5025
Payment and collection 50315033
5031
Sameremedies for collection 50345037
5034
Samesale for unpaid taxes 5037
5037
Forfeiture and penalties for nonpayment 5038
5038
Remedies against municipality where tax wrongful 50395041
5039
Sameaction for damages
5041
CHAPTER 45
5044
Police force in general 50455047
5045
Same police commissioners
5048
Policemen and firemen as public officers 5049
5049
Legislative control of fire and police depart ments 50505052
5050
Who may appoint policemen and firemen
5052
Removal or suspension 5053
5053
Salaries and compensation 5054
5054
Pensions 5055
5055
Reimbursement for expenses incurred
5056
Criminal responsibility
5057
Samepowers of police officers to arrest
5058
Liability of municipality for failure to provide aequate fire protection
5062
Liability of municipality for torts of policemen 50635068
5063
Liability of municipality for torts of fire de partment 50685071
5068
PUBLIC EDUCATION
5072
Eligibility of members of board of education
5076
Powers of boards of education 50775080
5077
Same to make rules governing school 5080
5080
Removal of commissioners
5081
Employment of teacher 5082
5082
License to teach 5083
5083
Removal of teachers 5084
5084
Secs Pages 2444 Compensation of teacher 5085
5085
Power to expel pupils
5086
Control of pupils away from school 5087
5087
CHAPTER 47
5089
Municipal administration of charity 5091
5091
Legislature may divide state for purpose of relief and support of poor
5093
Power of municipal corporation to furnish support to poor 5094
5094
Same delegation of power forbidden 5095
5095
Liability of municipal corporation for relief of poor by others 50965098
5096
Settlement of pauper 5098
5098
Overseers of the poor 5099
5099
Boards of charities and correction 5100
5100
Property in trust for charitable uses 5102
5102
Municipal hospitals asylums etc 51035105
5103
Sameliability for damages 5105
5105
Sameproperty
5106
Juvenile courts 51105117
5110
Workhouse 5117
5117
CHAPTER 48
5119
Conditions precedentpresentation of claims 5123
5123
Samenotice of intention to sue 5128
5128
Same to whom claim to be presented 5129
5129
Sametime within which claims must be pre senteddelay 51305132
5130
Secs Pages 2469 Samestatement of claim 5132
5132
Sameverification of claimwaiver
5133
Allowance of claims 5136
5136
Sameeffect of allowance or disallowance 51375139
5137
Auditing boards and officers 51395141
5139
Review of decisions touching claims 51415143
5141
Assignment of claims 51435145
5143
Payment of claims
5145
Priority of claims
5146
Who authorized to compromise 51495151
5149
Method of compromise
5151
Questions of damages and benefits may not be arbitrated 51535155
5153
Mode of submission of arbitration 5155
5155
ACTIONS BY AND AGAINST MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN GENERAL
5157
PARTICULAR ACTIONS 3 CRIMINAL LIABILITY I GENERAL CONSIDERATION 2485 Scope of charter 51585160
5158
QUO WARRANTO
5159
Municipal corporation may sue and be sued 5160
5160
Sameremedies 5161
5161
Liability on contracts 51625164
5162
Limitations of actions 51645166
5164
Conditions precedent 5166
5166
Venue 51675170
5167
Form of action
5170
Parties 51735177
5173
Pleadings 51775182
5177
Process form and service 51825184
5182
Representation by counselappearance 51845186
5184
Defenses
5187
Judgment
5188
Enforcement of judgment 51895191
5189
Costs 5191
5191
PARTICULAR ACTIONS 2502 Equitable remediesinjunction in general 51925195
5192
Sameenactment of ordinance 51955197
5195
Sameenforcement of ordinance 51975198
5197
Injunction by municipal corporation 5198
5198
CHAPTER 51
5200
Recovery of involuntary payments made to municipal corporations 52015203
5201
Certiorarinature an object of the writ 52035207
5203
Samewhen appeal or writ of error lies 5207
5207
Same as writ of review 5208
5208
Same to review acts of judicial character 52095213
5209
Sameapplication for and direction of writ 5213
5213
Samereturn of writ 5214
5214
Samewhat reviewable 52155218
5215
Samematters of practicejudgment 5218
5218
Prohibition 52195223
5219
Garnishment of municipal corporations 52235226
5223
Sameequitable garnishment 52265228
5226
CRIMINAL LIABILITY 2519 In general 52285230
5228
Liability for maintenance of a nuisance in gen eral 5230
5230
Same defective sewer system
5231
Samebridges
5233
Nature and purpose
5234
To test existence of officeouster
5242
Ouster from exercise of franchise
5248
Subsequent pleadings
5255
Laches as barremedy unavailing
5267
Secs Pages 2548 Same discretionary acts 52735276
5273
Sameministerial acts 5276
5276
Mayor and other executive and administrative officers subject to mandamus 5277
5277
SPECIAL INSTANCES WHERE WRIT WILL BE GRANTED OR REFUSED 2551 To induct into or reinstate to office or public situation 5278
5278
To compel transfer of books etc of office 5279
5279
To compel auditing claims 5280
5280
To compel payment of claims or issue of war rant for salaries fixed by law 5281
5281
To compel signing or issuing warrants
5282
To compel payment of indebtedness
5283
Samenecessity of appropriation or available funds
5284
To compel levy of assessments 52855287
5285
To compel calling an election 5287
5287
Concerning elections and officers thereof 5288
5288
To compel award of contract 5289
5289
CHAPTER 43
5290
To compel the granting of licenses and permits 52935295
5293
To compel payment of judgmentreturn of execution unsatisfied 52955299
5295
Miscellaneous instances 52995301
5299
PROCEDURE 2567 Applicationalternative writ
5302
Parties 5303
5303
Sufficiency of alternative writ 5304
5304
How writ directed against municipal corpora tion
5305
The return 5306
5306
Subsequent pleadingsmatters of practice 53075309
5307
Peremptory writ 5309
5309
Secs Pages 2574 Scope of chapter 5311
5311
Propriety of action in general 53125316
5312
Samestatutory provisions 5316
5316
SameNew York statutes 53185325
5318
Sameeffect of remedy at law 5325
5325
Same title to office not triable 5326
5326
Action by attorney general of state 53275329
5327
Certiorari as remedy 5329
5329
Actions on behalf of municipality 53305334
5330
Right of taxpayers to intervene or defend 5335
5335
Motive of plaintiff immaterial 5336
5336
Who may sue 5338
5338
Samepecuniary interest 53395342
5339
Sameinjury different from that sustained by other taxpayers 5343
5343
Sameestoppel to sue 5344
5344
Time to sue and laches 5345
5345
Acts which may be enjoined 53465349
5346
Samepassage and enforcement of ordi nances 5349
5349
Sameacts relating to bonds 53505353
5350
Samemaking or performance of illegal con tracts 53535356
5353
Sameletting of contracts where competitive bids 5356
5356
Sameincurring indebtedness above debt limit
5357
Samelevy and collection of taxes 53605365
5360
Samepayments 5365
5365
Samecollection of judgment 5366
5366
Samemisuse of municipal property 5367
5367
Demand before suit 5368
5368
Parties pleading and proof 53695372
5369
Judgment 5372
5372

Outras edições - Ver tudo

Palavras e frases frequentes

Informação bibliográfica