if we should attempt to extend the bounds either of physical or of ethical knowledge.
It is not, however, to those alone who look forward to the pursuits of science that I have addressed myself in these Lectures. The greater part of you are probably destined for the active walks of business; and, under this impression, I have uniformly endeavoured, as far as I was able, to direct your attention to studies susceptible of a practical application to the great concerns of human life,-whether Providence may allot to you the obscure but important duties of a private station, or may be pleased to call you to the great and arduous scenes of public affairs. In either event, I shall follow you with my affectionate wishes through the various fortunes that may yet await you :-And, believe me, nothing will ever give me greater satisfaction than to hear, that you have carried into the different departments of life for which you may be destined, those steady principles of religion, of integrity, and of beneficence which can alone render you happy in yourselves, and blessings to mankind.-1804.
OUTLINES, ETC., FROM THE COMMENCEMENT TO PAGE 6 OF Vol. I.
LECTURES, ETC., FROM PAGE 9 OF VOL. I. TO END OF VOL. II.
ACLAND, (Mr.,) his scheme touching the
Poor, alleged, ii. 309.
Adams, (Mr. John,) adduced as to the
American Constitution, ii. 385.
Adams, (Mr. Quincey,) quoted as to
popular Education in Germany, ii.
336.
Agriculture, as affecting Population, i.
113-152; kinds of farm tenure, 113-
118; size of farms, 124-132; arable
and grazing, comparative profit of,
137, 138; estimation of, among the
Romans, 140-146; distinction of, as a
mere mean of subsistence, and as a
competing trade, 141; in connexion
with Manufactures, 152-183; duty of
Government to encourage, 181, seq.;
Agriculture and Manufactures, on
their relative claims to attention by
the statesman, 201, seq.; progress of,
during the eighteenth century, 237,
238; number of persons engaged in
farming, calculations estimating, 240;
affords the foundation of many ex-
changes of production, 254; agricul-
tural and manufacturing industry,
their relative importance, 258, seq.;
these two exhaust the labour of man,
259,260; in what respect pre-eminent
over manufactures, 260, 306; pro-
sperity of, dependent more upon
steadiness of an adequate, than upon
the high amount of the average
price, ii. 116.
Agriculture, Board of, see County Re-
ports.
Aikin, (Dr. John,) quoted as to the em-
ployment of children in Manufactures,
i. 183, 184; on the progress of Inland
Navigation about Manchester, in
Yorkshire, Lancashire, &c., 241, 242.
Akenside, quoted as to the estimation
of Agriculture by the Romans, i. 141.
Ale, great increase of its consumption,
i. 236.
Alienation, English statute of, by Henry
VII., ii. 202.
Allegiance to Government, a writing of
Mr. Stewart, now lost, i. 9, 23.
America, discovery of its silver mines,
effects of, i. 448; United States of
Northern, how affected by Manufac-
tures, 157, seq.; beneficial influence
of Education on the lower orders in,
ii. 334, 335, 337.
Anacharsis, his opinion in regard to the
value of gold and silver, i. 338, 439.
Anatocismus, on the laws regarding, ii.
194.
Anderson, (James, LL.D.,) his Obser-
vations, &c., 1777, adduced as to the
influence of Manufactures upon Agri-
culture, i. 177, 178; as to the Corn
Trade, ii. 114.
Anglican Divines, see England, Church
of.
Animal food and pasturage, in reference
to the support of Population, i. 105,
seq.
Animals, food being supplied, their
multiplication depends on five cir-
cumstances, i. 60.
Anonymous Author, of The Grand
Concern of England Explained,
quoted touching the Poor, ii. 273; of
Essay on the Right of Property in
Land, praises the English Poor-Laws,
Antipater, (of Thessalonica,) quoted as
to the employment of Water-Mills, i.
191, 192.
Apprenticeships, see Corporations.
Arbuthnot, (Dr.,) quoted as to the pro-
portion of the Sexes as born, i. 86,
87; adduced as to Roman Fortunes,
146, 147, 382; as to the Circulation
of money, 381; examples of Prices in
ancient Rome, 383, 448.
Aristocracy, on, simply, and in general,
ii. 352, 353; on, in special, 376-386;
what is meant in saying that Modera-
tion is its principle, 379-382; in this
form of government the nobles should
be debarred from trade, 382, 383; its
corruption, Oligarchy, 384; natural,
in every community rising from ori-
ginal differences, 417.
Aristotle, on Man as a social animal, i.
18; referred to touching Population
and Marriage, 68; quoted as to the
impossibility of perfect friendship to-
wards more than one object at once,
74; his doctrine as to Usury, ii. 146-
148, 152; quoted as to the simple
Forms of Government, 384, 385; al-
leged to shew that each form of
government is proportionally good or
bad, 388; his Politics referred to,
Asgill, (Mr. John, M.P.,) adduced as to
an exclusive Territorial Tax, i. 300;
ii. 239.
Assessments periodical, the previous
subsidies, and the more ancient Scut-
age, Hydage, and Talliage, were vir-
tually a Land-Tax, ii. 227.
Athenians, their measure for maintain-
ing the equality of landed property,
ii. 196; formed Benefit Clubs, 306;
on the Athenian Democracy, 362, 364,
403, 404; their government serves as
Montesquieu's model of Democracy,
Auckland, (Lord,) on the Population of
Great Britain in 1779, i. 234.
Augustin, (Saint,) quoted as to the
Polygamy of the Patriarchs, i. 83.
Aulus Gellius, quoted in regard to Celi-
bacy among the Romans, i. 92.
BACON, (Lord,) quoted as to Leges Le-
gum, &c., i. 10; his Speech against
Purveyors, 118, seq.; opposed to En-
closures, 134; as to his calling Edu-
cation "the Georgics of the Mind,"
288; quoted, with approbation, ib.;
as to the necessity of political institu-
tions being accommodated to the
character of their subjects, ii. 420.
Balance of Powers in the British Con-
stitution illustrated, ii. 430, 431, 445,
449, 450.
Balance of Trade, ii. 23, seq.; 28, seq.,
absurdity of, shown by Smith, 31.
Ballot, (the thing,) on the expediency of
this mode of voting in Republics, ii.
359; adopted by the State of Mary-
land, 433.
Bank Notes, the word commodity mis-
applied to, i. 436, 445.
Baring, (Sir Francis,) how prices are re-
gulated with reference to Circulation,
i. 394, 395, 434, 447; opposed to any
restriction upon Interest of money, ii.
Barrington, (Bishop of Durham,) alleged
as to Workhouses and the poor, ii.
303, 304.
Barthélemy, (Abbé,) quoted as to the
opinion of the ancients touching a
tempered Monarchy, ii. 416.
Baudeau, (Abbé,) quoted in regard to
Productive and Unproductive Labour,
i. 278.
Beccaria, (Marchese,) referred to as to
Crimes and Punishments, i. 49; his
opinion as to a low Interest for money,
ii. 189, 190.
Beddoes, (Dr.,) on the use of opium by
the poor, ii. 145.
Bedford, (Duke of,) in regard to Bills of
Enclosure, i. 136, seq.
Bell, (Mr. Benjamin,) quoted as to the
influence of Manufactures upon Agri-
culture and Population, i. 158, 176;
adduced in the same respect, 169; as
to the possible increase of agricultural
produce in this country, 202; on the
proportion of our British importation
and consumption of grain, in 1801
and previously, 285; on the proportion
of different kinds of corn consumed
in Great Britain, 369; on the amount
of our importation of corn, ii. 108.
Benefit Clubs, on, ii. 306-313; the
author strongly in favour of, 311.
Bentham, (Mr. Jeremy,) his Defence of
Usury, ii. 156; quoted against the
Usury Laws, 164, 165, 168, 170, 172,
194, 195; describes these laws in
Russia as a dead letter, 181; his pro-
ject to substitute escheat for taxation,
253; his Panopticon adduced, 326.
Berkeley, (Bishop,) as to the intrinsic
value of the precious metals, i. 337;
his query as to a rapid circulation of
money, 379, 432.
Berne, (Society of,) their Essays on the
Spirit of Legislation quoted, i. 54;
(Republic of,) its substitute for Taxa-
tion, ii. 212; (Canton of,) an example
of political happiness and prosperity,
386; its two Legislative Councils, 435.
Bills of Exchange, invented by the Jews,
i. 41; a branch of trade altogether
modern, ii. 153.
Births, proportion of, to Deaths and
Marriages, i. 220, seq.
Blackstone, (Sir William,) on the origin
of Borough-English, ii. 200; quoted
in favour of a restraint on Latter Wills,
204, 205; quoted, 208, 209; his ac-
count of the English Land-tax, 225;
of the aids in England called Tenths
and Fifteenths, 226; adduced as to the
practice of the Crown in rejecting
Bills from the Legislature, 444; touch-
ing the influences exerted by the
other elements of the Legislature on
the House of Commons, 450.
Blake, (Mr. William,) quoted as to Cur-
rency, i. 431, 432, 436.
Blomefield, (Rev. Francis,) on the scar-
city of the year 1595, ii. 262, 263.
Boivin, (John,) his Latin translation of an
Epigram of Antipater quoted, i. 192.
Bolingbroke, (Viscount,) quoted as to the
operations of nature, i. 430; as to a na-
tural aristocracy in communities, 418.
Bonar, (Mr. James,) his Notes of Mr.
Stewart's Course of Political Economy
Proper employed in the present work,
i. xxi., seq., 198; Notes of Mr.Stewart's
conspectus of Smith upon the Mercan-
tile system, ii. 23-27.
Book Societies, effect of, in the cultiva-
tion of the lower orders, ii. 347.
Borough-English, on the origin of, ii.
200.
Botero, (John,) his claim to be the founder
of Statistical science, i. 214.
Bottomry, a species of virtual usury, ii.
Boulainvilliers, (Count de,) as to Col-
bert's injudicious encouragement of
Commerce and Manufactures to the
disparagement of Agriculture, i. 160.
Bounties and Drawbacks, ii. 26, seq.,
113, seq.; Author's opinion in regard
to Bounties not decided, 117-120.
Boyd, (Mr. Walter, M.P,) as to the
principle by which the Price of com-
modities is regulated, i. 394.
Brackenridge, (Dr.,) on the Population
of Great Britain during the war in
1756, i. 232.
Brand, (Rev. John,) adduced as to the
Corn Trade, ii. 137, 138.
Breslau, the Bills of Mortality in that
city adduced as a valuable authority
by Dr. Halley, i. 227.
Bridges, (Mr. James, W.S.,) as supply-
ing Notes of Mr. Stewart's Lectures
on Political Economy, i. xxi., seq.,
198; interpolations from his Notes of
these Lectures, 198-200, 204-207,
208-211, 253-269, 302-396; ii. 3-47,
108, 109, 111-120, 137-139, 195-210,
254-349.
Brienne, (M. de,) his connexion with
Turgot, ii. 80.
Britain, (Great,) the amount of its Po-
pulation, i. 232; how the distinctions
of rank do not here imply any con-
trast of class or caste, but slide insen-
sibly into each other, ii. 439, 442,
448, 449.
Brougham, (Mr., now Lord,) Review of
Lauderdale On Public Wealth, i. 277.
Brown, (Dr. John, Author of the Esti-
mate,) quoted as to Education, i. 53, 54.
Bullion relation of a coined to a paper
currency, i. 346, seq.; Parliamentary
Bullion Report, framed by Mr. Fran-
cis Horner, Notes of the Author on,
Burdens upon farm tenants, i. 118-124.
Burke, (Edmund,) quoted as to the in-
terference of the state, i. 17; adduced
as to the British Corn Laws, ii. 114;
holds that the wages of labour have
more than kept pace with the expenses
of living, 284; strictures on his praise
of drinking, 314, 319; quoted as to
the confliction of the British King and
Parliament, 443.
Burnet, (Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury,)
contrasts the English and Scottish
Poor-Laws, ii. 286, 287.
Bury, Chairman of the Quarter Sessions
of, quoted with approbation as to the
growth of native timber, ii. 46.
Butler, (Bishop,) quoted as to Education,
i. 51.
CADASTRE, or Territorial Valuation, in
different countries, ii. 241, 242; that
of Sardinia, of Bohemia, of the Duchy
of Milan, 242.
Cæsar, (Julius,) quoted in regard to the
usage of the ancient Britons touching
Marriage, i. 72; as to the proportion
of population among the Helvetii,
224; his description of a British and
German pastoral state alluded to, ii.
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