The Trend of EconomicsA.A. Knopf, 1924 - 556 páginas |
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Página 43
... direct and obvious - one cause and one effect . Such a con- ception has the merit of simplicity , but in its assumptions of absolute sameness and of invariant law it fails to accord with fact.1 In the light of this approach , therefore ...
... direct and obvious - one cause and one effect . Such a con- ception has the merit of simplicity , but in its assumptions of absolute sameness and of invariant law it fails to accord with fact.1 In the light of this approach , therefore ...
Página 46
... direct and perfect relationship between phenomena . Association and correlation are the terms which replace causation , as probability and approxi- mation replace the concept of certainty . 3. QUANTITATIVE METHOD AND THE LAWS OF ...
... direct and perfect relationship between phenomena . Association and correlation are the terms which replace causation , as probability and approxi- mation replace the concept of certainty . 3. QUANTITATIVE METHOD AND THE LAWS OF ...
Página 47
... direct knowledge of all the individual transactions in wheat during a given day , month or year . Moreover , for the purpose of the economist , the individual event is not significant . In a world marked by absolute sameness such ...
... direct knowledge of all the individual transactions in wheat during a given day , month or year . Moreover , for the purpose of the economist , the individual event is not significant . In a world marked by absolute sameness such ...
Página 54
... direct causal relationship and of invariant law do not accord strictly with the facts in any scientific field . Infinite knowledge and perfect certainty being impossible , some elements of ignorance and doubt must always be present in ...
... direct causal relationship and of invariant law do not accord strictly with the facts in any scientific field . Infinite knowledge and perfect certainty being impossible , some elements of ignorance and doubt must always be present in ...
Página 67
... direct study of facts , assembled and classified , must play a dominant part in scientific investigation . Induction increases in importance as the causes in operation increase in number , as variation becomes , more pronounced , and as ...
... direct study of facts , assembled and classified , must play a dominant part in scientific investigation . Induction increases in importance as the causes in operation increase in number , as variation becomes , more pronounced , and as ...
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Palavras e frases frequentes
Adam Smith Agassiz Alfred Marshall Amer analysis applied assumption behavior business cycle capital cause Columbia University competition conception conclusions consciousness consumers coöperation cost deductive demand desire differential advantage distribution Econ economic theory economists effect efficiency ethical experimental economics fact factors field forces hedonism human important income increase individual inductive industry institutions interest Jour knowledge labor laws less limited logical marginal marginal productivity marginal utility marginalists means measure method modern motives natural law nature nomic objective opportunity cost organization output pecuniary perfect competition phenomena Political Economy possible practical present principles probability problems production profits psychology quantitative question reason relations Ricardo scientific scientists social society standard statistical supply theorists things tion true truth University utility value theory wages wealth welfare welfare economics workers
Passagens conhecidas
Página 106 - By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.
Página 156 - My desire to escape from trade, which I thought vicious and selfish, and to enter into the service of Science, which I imagined made its pursuers amiable and liberal, induced me at last to take the bold and simple step of writing to Sir H. Davy...
Página 437 - Subduct from any phenomenon such part as is known by previous inductions to be the effect of certain antecedents, and the residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents.
Página 37 - I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind: it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be.
Página 6 - The natural price of labour is that price which is necessary to enable the labourers, one with another, to subsist and to perpetuate their race, without either increase or diminution.
Página 106 - Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command. It is his own advantage, indeed, and not that of the society, which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society.
Página 45 - I repeat that if a cause is an invariable and necessary condition of an event, we can never know certainly whether the cause exists or not. To us, then, a cause is not to be distinguished from the group of positive or negative conditions which, with more or less probability, precede an event.
Página 158 - Without thinking of the effect it might have upon distinguished men of science, or upon the minds of those who, stimulated to exertion, might become distinguished, I do think that a Government should for its own sake honour the men who do honour and service to the country. I refer now to honours only, not to beneficial rewards ; of such honours I think there are none. Knighthoods and baronetcies are sometimes conferred with such intentions, but I think them utterly unfit for that purpose. Instead...
Página 8 - Long indeed before this period, the very low rate of profits will have arrested all accumulation, and almost the whole produce of the country, after paying the labourers, will be the property of the owners of land and the receivers of tithes and taxes.
Página 160 - What is far more important, my love of natural science has been steady and ardent. This pure love has, however, been much aided by the ambition to be esteemed by my fellow naturalists.