By

Abstractions, purpose of, 81; and eco-

nomics, 83, 84, 256, 257; criticisms
against economic, 288, 289.
Accounting, cost, 139, 140, 148, 441;
and integral advantage, 141; and
economics, 398.

Advertising, benefit of, 30; and the con-

sumer, 113; may pay differentially,
119; and wants, 310 ff; and the
uncertainty of the market, 329;
and industrial costs, 342, 344
(footnote), a cause for industrial
unrest, 350.

Agassiz, Louis, motives in his work,
170 ff, 187, 188.
Aggregates, scientific significance of, 40,
41, 46; and economic reasoning, 47.
Allied loans, 21, 297.
America, labor in, 32; a creditor na-

tion, 297; problems of, 375 ff; so-
cial problems of, 377; European
tradition in, 383; economists of,
396, 397, 456; psychological school
in, 472.

Analysis, quantitative, 27; of men and

jobs, 33; and synthesis, 238; eco-
nomic, 256; and experimental eco-
nomics, 413; of psychological fac-
tors and economic processes, 465.
Anarchism, and economic theory, 298;

and social reorganization, 405.
Anthropology, and social change, 26;

and other sciences, 366, 367.
Apriori, test of facts, 55, 58; assump-

tion about nature, 60; no appli-
cation of, method in economic prob-
lems, 63; method and inductive
method, 65 ff; method avoided by
economics, 466, 467.

Armistice, 27; Versailles treaty and

economic theory, 297.
Arnold, Matthew, attacking price eco-
nomics, 464, 475, 476 (footnote).
Art, economics-science and, 359 ff;

technique of economic, 363; inter-
est in, 375; modern world and
problem of, 380, 381; for arts
sake, 460.

Asia, awakening of, 27.
Austria, changes in, 27.
Austrian school, and individualistic
economics, 97; and classical eco-
nomics, 391, 392; pure science and
the, 455, 456.
Averages, importance of, 38 ff; 46 ff;

and generalizations, 42, 67; and
the essence of the aggregate, 50;
representativeness of, 53.

Bacon, Francis, and Jevons and eco-
nomics, 90.

Balance of Trade, 82; and work for all,
115, 116.
Banking, Ricardo and reorganization

of, 5; and economic theory, 24,
273, 274, 295, 296; a social cost-
accounting system, 115; and in-
dustrial technology, 143; differen-
tial and integral, 145; and wel-
fare, 308, 309.
Bankruptcy, possibility of in France
and Italy, 27.

Bayes, on statistical method, 61, 64.
Behavior, mass, and the economist, 27;

average, and statistical method,
38; and economic laws, 260; want
satisfying, 260 ff; and ethics, 416;
need for psychology of, 468; scien-
tific psychology of, 479.
Behaviorists, and consciousness, 242;
method of, 244; and psychologists,
244, 246.
Bentham, Jeremy, and mechanics of

utility, 14; pain and pleasure
quantities in economics of, 14, 15;
influence of ideal of, 405; philoso-
phy of, 475, 476.

Bias, in selection and emphasis of
data, 78 ff; in economic problems,
366.

Biology, and economics, 26.
Böhm-Bawerk, and philosophical eco-
nomics, 447; and Marx, 456.
Boucke O. F., and ethical systems, 480.
Broad, C. D., probability of inductive
argument and the missing premise,
56 ff.

Brown, H. G., on capital, 112 (foot-
note).

Bureau of Industrial Research, 29.
Business, and differential advantage,
116 ff; and economic terminology,
293, 294; and economic theory,
298; anti-social, 310 ff, 328; pro-
duction and influence of demand in,
313; and public interest, 314, 315;
wage earner, consumer and, 321 ff;
of economist, 23, 33, 34; and best
combination of factors, 94; and
industry, 113; uneconomical in-
crease in units of, 346, 347; in-
dustrial unrest and, 350; concom-
itant variations and the develop-
ment of modern, 438; economics in
the college and university, 471.
Business cycle, promise of controlling,

21, 364, 365; statistical records of,
refined, 28; problem of, 83; and in-
crease of wealth, 92; and machines,
99; and unemployment, 144, 145;
and integration, 144; economic the-
ory and the, 296; and free en-
terprise, 314, 315 (footnote); and
efficient management, 332; conflict
between labor and capital and the,
349; Wesley C. Mitchell and, 364.
Business research, 398 (footnote); in

universities, 29, 398 (footnote);
by corporations and banks, 426.
Butler, Samuel, and human beings util-

ized by machines, 97.

Buyer, and integral costs, 136, 137;
not an economic man, 276; quality
and price and discrimination of
the, 320, 321, 328.

Bye, Raymond T., Some Recent Devel-
opments of Economic Theory, 270
ff.

Cairnes, and constant relations in eco-

nomic phenomena, 48; and pure
science, 454, 455.
Cassel, G. on costs, 278, 279.

Capital, Ricardo demanded levy on, 5;
and prosperity, 10; the joint prop-
erty of producers, 13; doctrine of
limited, 83; content of, 87, 88, 97,
98; Marshal, Taussig, Davenport,
and Brown on (footnote) 112;
assets and cost, 137; goods under
competition, 197 ff; allocation of,
197; and risk, 205 ff; and artificial
channels of industry, 224; use of
term, 292, 293; struggle between
labor and, 347 ff; mobility of, 404,
405.

Capitalism, not undermined, 26.
Capitalists, versus landlords, 5; lending
to coöperatives, 13; wastes in in-
dustry and the, 333; and increased
production, 339; and wages, 348 ff.
Captains of Industry, incentives of,

178 ff; Hill, Rosenwald, Jones, 178

ff; Henry Ford, Harriman, J. P.
Morgan, 180 ff.

Carlyle T., attacking price economics,
464.

Carver, T. N., and social economics,
101; and costs, 278; and pure
science, 456.

Causal relation, regional comparison
and the establishment of, 434 ff.
Causes, not sought, 43, 44; replaced

by association and correlation, 46;
multiplicity of economic, 55, 67;
avoid use of term, 237, 238; and
empirical law, 250; and economic
problems, 432 ff.
Central powers, overthrow of dynasties
of, 27.

Change, statistical determination of,

43; in approach to problem of
causal relationships, 44; legal, 112,
113; and equilibrium, 371 ff;
tempo of, 373; human behavior and
proposals for, 407; and motive to
behavior, 479, 480.

Choice, and marginal utility, 275 ff;

and theory of value, 278, 279; of
the consumer, 318, 319; blindness
of, 376; problems of, 380; conflict
of motives and, 479, 480.
Church, and machines, 99.
Civilization, Greek, 373, 374; and ex-
perimental economics, 421; test of,
441.

Clark, John Bates, and mechanics of
utility, 15; and social economics,
101; assumptions of, 197, 198; and