...member of the negro race today in the United States, in Philadelphia they were formerly as follows:— "By 1830 the black population of the city and districts...15,624, an increase of 27 per cent. for the decade 1820-1830, and of 48 per cent. since 1810. Nevertheless the growth of the city had far outstripped...

...abolition controversy attacking slavery even in the South. The tide set against the Negro stronger and the whole period from 1820 to 1840 became a time of retrogression for the mass of Negroes and of discontenance and repression on the part of the whites; especially was there a fierce...

...lumping together of all Africans and its rejection by whites for the former reason. States DuBois, "The tide had set against the Negro strongly, and the whole period from 1820 to 1840 became a line of retrogression for the mass [elite] of the race and of discountenance and repression from the...