AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP As Distinguished from Alien Status UNIV. OF By FREDERICK A. CLEVELAND, PH.D., LL.D. " Professor of United States Citizenship on the Maxwell Foundation, Boston University THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY NEW YORK с PREFACE This volume undertakes to set forth in clear and orderly terms the meaning and implications of American citizenship as defined in the constitutions of the nation and the states, in statutes, the decisions of courts, and the utterances of government officials. As the first of a series dealing with the general subject of citizenship, it may be thought of as part fulfillment of an obligation assumed on accepting the commission tendered by the President and Trustees of Boston University to develop and carry on the educational work provided for by the generous gift of George H. Maxwell. What the donor's purpose was can best be expressed by a quotation from the letter of endow ment: "It is of paramount importance that the heterogeneous elements of the United States shall be united into a homogeneous whole through an intelligent understanding and appreciation of the right, duties, inheritances, and possibilities of our citizenship. The need for this is by no means confined to the foreign born. "My idea is to develop a body of leaders especially trained in United States citizenship who will go out through this country as educators, statesmen, financiers, and business men to upbuild the foundations and bulwarks of our citizenship intelligently and patriotically, so that the masses of people may come to have a generally disseminated knowledge of the nature, importance and distinctiveness of their United States citizenship." The opportunity is taken to acknowledge indebtedness to Miss Edith A. Goodspeed, who for six years has been associated in the work of the Department of Citizenship of the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, first as student and later as secretary and bibliographic assistant. The ma iii 663866 terial used in Chapters VIII to X have been presented by her in the course of study as a manuscript thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the faculty for the master's degree. Grateful recognition is also given to Dr. William Marshall Warren, Dean of the faculty of the College of Liberal Arts of Boston University, for his continuing suggestion during the preparation of the manuscript and his criticism of its final form. Norwood, Massachusetts, June 1, 1927. FREDERICK A. CLEVELAND CONTENTS Part II-Citizens and Aliens as Beneficiaries VII THE PEOPLE AS BENEFICIARIES OF GOVERNMENT 105 XIII THE RELATION OF SOVEREIGN AND SUBJECT XIV AMERICAN CONCEPTIONS OF SOVEREIGNTY |