Constitution of the United States.

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states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice-president of the United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and judical officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.

SEC. III. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of president and vice-president, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.

SEC. IV. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SEC. V. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 'egislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.

SEC. I. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account, of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

SEC. II. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.1

1 See the History, p. 298.

THE PRESIDENTS.

When and where they were born, and when and where they died.

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.

THE following questions cover the entire history of the United States from the first discovery of the country to the present day, including its every topic commonly taught in our public schools. They embrace all the questions on this subject that have been put forth by the Regents of the University of the State of New York down to the year 1886; also to the same time all that have been used in the examination of candidates for admission to the two colleges belonging to the public school system of the City of New York. Advantage has likewise been taken of the questions that have been used in Brooklyn, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Richmond, and more than a hundred other places. That every important phase of the subject may be reached, some of the parts have been traversed in new directions a second and even a third time, but useless repetition has been avoided.

It is not pretended that every question adopted is here reproduced word for word just as it was found. When not in conflict with the aim and scope of the original question, abbreviation has been resorted to; and where the wording seemed to be ill-judged, a change has been made.

The learner is advised to consult the Index whenever the page references for the answers are not given. He is also urged to inform himself as to the location of the places referred to, not omitting a single place.

Columbus and his Discoveries.-What knowledge, if any, did the people of Europe have of America four hundred years ago? p. 18-Was Columbus then alive? 50.-To what extent had America been known to persons in Europe before his time? 15-18.-Give an account of the early life of Columbus.-What great plan of discovery did he form? 19.-Is it possible to reach India by sailing directly west from Europe, and why ?-What reasons did Columbus have in support of his theory? Ans. The authority of learned writers and the reports of navigators. He was also told that pieces of carved wood and human bodies had drifted from the west to the Atlantic islands of Africa.-Why was he anxious to reach India by a short route? 19.-What region was then known as India? 18.-What had been the intercourse of the people of Europe with India up to that time? 19.-What efforts were made by Portugal to reach India and with what result?-Narrate.the trials of Columbus before he was able to test his theory.-How at last did he obtain an outfit? What religious motives influenced both him and Isabella? Ans. They wanted the heathen people

to be converted to Christianity.-Give an account of Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic? 21-51.-What discoveries did he make? 51.Describe his reception in Spain. 23, 24.-What voyages did he afterward make? 51.—Give his further history.

Early Explorers.-What special credit is due to John Cabot? 30.-State all you can of him.-Also of his son Sebastian.-Why were their discoveries and explorations of so much importance? 48, 52.-How came this continent to be called America? 30.-Who was the first to discover the mainland of the continent?-The second? 24.-What opinion pre vailed respecting the discovered lands? 30.-Tell how that opinion was corrected. And how it was further disproved by Magellan.-Why cannot it be said that Magellan was the first navigator who sailed around the earth? What question did Balboa solve?-Give a narrative in full of De Leon's discoveries and other doings. 32.-Of De Soto's. 34.-Coronado's. 37.-Drake's. Marquette's. 41.--La Salle's. 43.-Pizarro's. 31.— Cortez's. 34.-Cartier's. 41.-Champlain's.-Hudson's. 80.-Gosnold's. 54, 60.-John Smith's.-Name two of the discoverers who were born in Italy.-Eight, in Spain.-Four, in England.-Four, in France -One, in Portugal.-Eleven, who were in the service of Spain.-One, in the service of Holland.-When and by whom was Florida discovered?-The Pacific?The St. Lawrence?-The Mississippi?-The Hudson?-Cape Cod?-Who conquered Mexico?-What motive as regards discovery prompted De Leon?-De Soto? -Balboa?-Hudson?-Give an account of Raleigh's attempts at settlement. 40.-State all you can of him. 40, 98.-What claim is made in behalf of Verrazzani? 80.

Claims to Territory.-What territory in North America did Spain claim? 48.-England?-France?-Holland?What was the basis of each claim? -What part of the present U. S. was formerly Spanish? 48, 320.—What was English?-French?-Dutch?-Narrate the steps by which each part was given up until it came to belong to the U. S. 176-320.

The Indians-What name did Columbus give to the natives of the New World? 22-Why did he so name them?-How, then, came the West Indies to be so called?-The East Indies?--Give the names as far as you can of the Indian tribes that occupied the region now belonging to the U. S. 53, 67, 70, 73, 102, 211, 219.-Who were the Iroquois? 102.-State what you can of them.-When, where, and how was their power forever broken? 164 -What is said of the dress of the Indians? 21. 25.--Their food?-Dwellings? 25-29.-Tools? - Weapons? - Money?- Religion?— Roving habits? What was the mode of trading with them? 54, 69, 82, 83, 118.—What wrongs were done to them? 76, 329.—What city in the State of New York was destroyed by them? Ans Schenectady, in 1690. its surviving inhabitants fled through snow to Albany.-Who was their great friend? Ans. John Eliot, known as the " Apostle to the Indians" He established schools and churches among them, and translated the Bible into the Indian tongue-In what Indian wars were the colonists engaged? 58, 70, 76, 83, 111.-Give an account of each-What tribe was exterminated? 70.-What treaties were made with the Indians in colonial times? 67, 76, 94.-Mention a colony that had no Indian wars? Who was its founder?-In what Indian wars have the U. S. been engaged? 163, 164, 185, 205, 219, 230.-Give an account of each.-Give the names of seven famous Indian chiefs.-Tell what you can of each.

Examination Questions.

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The Mound Builders.-Who were the Mound Builders? 27.-What evidence have we that they lived before the Indians?-How did they differ from the Indians?-How do we know that they were not the ancestors of the Indians?-State what you can of their mounds.

Virginia. What extensive grants of territory did King James, the first, of England, make? 52.-How came the country to be called Virginia? 40.-Relate the events that led to the settlement of Jamestown. 52, 53.— State all the facts relating to Smith's connection with the colony.-All in relation to Wingfield's. Newport's -Powhatan's.-Lord Delaware's Argall's. - Bacon's. Berkeley's.- Dinwiddie's. 103. -Washington's. What is said of the gold excitement? 55, 57.-Culture of tobacco?-Uses to which tobacco was put? 58, 113.-" The starving time?" 56-Church and religion?—Procuring of wives? 58.-Slavery. 58, 112.-Virginia's form of government? 113.-The three charters granted to the colony? 52, 55, 58.-How Virginia was deprived of her territory. 59, 88, 94, 98.-Virginia's pet name. 321.-What notable fact was there respecting the legis lature of the Virginia colony? Ans. Under her last two charters Virginia enjoyed in fact, though not in name, a free government. In 1619 the first legislative body that ever sat in America met at Jamestown. Its members had been elected by the inhabitants, every free man voting.—What other notable event occurred that year? Relate the story of Pocahontas→ her capture, marriage, death, etc. 55-57.

New England. By whom and when was the New England coast discovered and explored? 30, 60. - When, where, and by whom was the first English settlement planted in New England? 60.-The second? 61-66. Give the history of the first.-Who were the Puritans? 61.-The Pilgrims? 61, 62.-In what did the two sects differ?-Give the history of the "Pilgrim Fathers" to their landing in New England. 61-66.-What was the name of the vessel in which they came?-What compact did they make in its cabin? What else did they do there under that compact?-Who succeeded Carver as governor?-Under what circumstances?—What treaty with the Indians was made?-Give the further history of the Plymouth colony. 69, 72, 74, 76, 78-Give the facts about the beginning of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 68.—The same, of Boston.-What is said of John Winthrop? Of his son? 69.-State when, how, and by whom the three colonies of Connecticut were started. 69, 70.-When and how they were united. 72.-Give the early history of Rhode Island. 72, 73.-What distinguished the colony from all the other English colonies? Ans. No person could be molested because of his religious belief; and every man could go to the public assemblies and help make the laws.- Give the early history of New Hampshire. 67.-What relation did that colony at times have with Massachusetts?-Give an account of the Pequod war. 70.-Of the union of the New England colonies, with its consequences. 74.-Persecution of the Quakers.-King Philip's war.-Salem witchcraft.-State what you can of John Robinson and his acts. 61, 63.-John Carver.John Endicott.-Thomas Hooker.-Roger Williams.--Massasoit.- King Philip.-Sir Wm. Phipps.-What forms of government were the New England colonies under? 113.

New York and New Jersey.-When and by whom was the Hudson River discovered? What was Henry Hudson's ruling object?-Describe his passage up the river.-How much of the country did the Dutch claim?What was their title to it?-What name did they give to it?--How long