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using the milking tube and not sterilizing it properly and infection setting in.

Superintendent Scarborough: I have forgotten the name of the professor from Ames who tested our herd. We had several epidemics of sore throat among the inmates and it was suggested that several of the cows be watched, especially four of them.

Mr. Eschenheimer: Was it claimed that it was con

tagious!

Superintendent Scarborough: Yes, sir; could be carried only by milking, and that is the reason I thought it could be carried by electric milkers. No pus could be seen in the milk. Superintendent Voldeng: Was there no inflammation or

swelling?

Superintendent Scarborough: Practically no signs of inflammation excepting that the milk did not seem to collect and once in a while we got bloody milk.

Superintendent Donohoe: Why is that not what is described as milk fever?

Superintendent Scarborough:

That is a different proposition. We have had the milk fever. This has made a great deal of trouble among the inmates with sore throat.

I desire to know your experience as to washing with corrosive sublimate.

Mr. Eschenheimer: I have always found it worked well. One thing, before breeding I would advise washing out with lukewarm water. I do not think corrosive sublimate causes any irritation. In 1912 we had twenty-two cases of abortion.

Superintendent Voldeng: You use it one in a thousand?
Mr. Eschenheimer: Yes, sir.

Superintendent Voldeng: That is pretty strong.

Mr. Eschenheimer: We always have used it. Last year we reduced the number from twenty-two to nine. This year, SO far, we have had two. Of course there are other causes for it,slippery stalls, deep gutters, narrow doors,-you can not stop it altogether. I have used corrosive sublimate for three years and have had no bad results.

Superintendent Voldeng: How much of the solution do

you use?

Mr. Eschenheimer: I have a syringe and use forty-eight ounces for one injection.

Superintendent Voldeng: How often do you use it?

Mr. Eschenheimer: Just as long as the cow shows any sign of discharge. First twice a day, and then once a day, and then once in two or three days.

Superintendent Voldeng: That was not contagious abortion you had?

Mr. Eschenheimer: I do not know whether it was or not. Nobody can tell. It came in such a way,-ninety cows, and twenty-two abortions,-it was a very serious matter. I do not think even the veterinary could diagnose contagious abortion. I thought some of it was due to the cows being turned out close to a sewerage disposal plant where they could get the water. They had plenty of fresh water above the disposal plant. noticed two or three cows aborted in succession, and I took them out and never had any more since. That might have had something to do with the twenty-two we had that year.

Superintendent Voldeng: You say you have it now?

Mr. Eschenheimer: We have had two so far this year. I always take care of them from September to September, and we have had two so far this year.

Superintendent Voldeng: Why do you divide the year up that way?

Mr. Eschenheimer: I have the records of the cows from September to September for the reason that in the fall of the year they are in good condition, so if they do not prove to be profitable they can go to the butcher shop. If I have a cow which has been milked for twelve months and gives only three thousand pounds of milk she is sent to the butcher shop.

Superintendent Sessions: I wish to ask a question of personal interest. We are feeding our herd ensilage, about all the dairy cows will eat, and alfalfa hay, and the only grain we have is corn. What should we have to balance that up?

Mr. Eschenheimer: You have ensilage, alfalfa hay and corn ground?

Superintendent Sessions: Yes; we have no oats.

Mr. Eschenheimer: It would not be advisable to feed oats now because they are too expensive. I think the price is something near 50 cents in Chicago, and corn is about 63. Last fall I bought between three and four thousand bushels at 30 cents; at that rate you can feed them. Are your cows large?

Superintendent Sessions: They are a good, fair size.

Mr. Eschenheimer: That ration would be balanced pretty well-feeding about forty pounds of ensilage through the day and eight pounds of ground corn, and feed in addition to that bran. I think corn is inclined to make cows too fat. Superintendent Sessions: Do we need bran if we have alfalfa hày!

Mr. Eschenheimer: You could substitute that with gluten feed.

Superintendent Sessions: What would you feed, gluten feed or cotton seed meal?

Mr. Eschenheimer: I think that at institutions it is sometimes a little bit dangerous to feed cotton seed meal. It does not matter who has charge of the dairy, there might be such a thing as getting overfeeding and foundering on cotton seed meal.

Superintendent Sessions: Would you feed stock food? Mr. Eschenheimer: I would not feed any stock food whatever.

Superintendent Sessions: Shumaker's stock food is not used in the sense of a medicine.

Mr. Eschenheimer: I have fed it to all the cows, so I do not know what it would do, but it looked pretty nearly like our oil meal.

College.

Member McColl: They use it at the Ames Agricultural

Superintendent Sessions: It seems the feed we are feeding is all laxative. Ought we to use something else?

Mr Eschenheimer: Corn and cob meal are not laxative. I think you need bran and oil meal to make the diet well-balanced. You might try it and see if your cows increase in the flow of milk; that will give you the surest test. We do not

have alfalfa. We have mixed timothy and clover hay; but if I had alfalfa I would feed bran just the same to get more protein. Superintendent Sessions: I think the Agricultural College makes the broad claim that, we do not need bran when we feed alfalfa hay.

Mr. Eschenheimer: They claim that bran and alfalfa hay have the same amount of protein in one hundred pounds of work. I have always found that they advised feeding bran and oil meal in addition to alfalfa and ensilage, but you would not have to feed as much as we do with timothy and clover hay. I think it would be advisable to feed some of it.

The Chairman: This closes the literary part of our program. The program committee for the June conference is as follows:

Warden J. C. Sanders, and Superintendents W. L. Kuser and Lucy M. Sickels.

Is the committee who have in charge the preparation of the program for the March conference ready to report?

Dr. Crumbacker at this time read the proposed program for the March conference as follows:

PROGRAM FOR QUARTERLY CONFERENCE

of

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF

STATE INSTITUTIONS

with

BOARD OF CONTROL OF STATE INSTITUTIONS To be held in the Office of the Board

State House, Des Moines,

March, 1915

Commencing at 9:00 A. M.

1. Paper (Title to be announced later),

By George Mogridge, M. D., Superintendent,

2. Inebriety,

Institution for Feeble-minded Children, Glenwood,
Iowa.

By L. W. Cary, Assistant Superintendent and Physician, State Hospital for Inebriates, Knoxville, Iowa.

3. The Prison School-Does It Pay?

By E. A. Cromer, Superintendent of Schools,

The Reformatory, Anamosa, Iowa.

4. What Are We Doing for Our Insane in Iowa and What More Can We Do?

By C. F. Applegate, M. D., Superintendent,

Mt. Pleasant State Hospital, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.

5. The Prophylaxis of Typhoid Fever and Special Measures Adopted to Control Epidemics at the Clarinda State Hospital,

By J. C. Ohlmacher, Second Assistant Physician.

Clarinda State Hospital, Clarinda, Iowa.

6. Paper (Title to be announced later),

By J. C. Sanders, Warden,

State Penitentiary, Ft. Madison, Iowa.

General Conference.

(Signed) W. P. Crumbacker, Chairman,
George Donohoe,

C. C. McClaughry,

Program Committee.

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