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Washington's Administration. The adoption of Hamilton's financial measures; the war with the Indians north of the Ohio; the making of Jay's Treaty" the admission of Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee into the Union; and the invention of the cotton-gin, were the principal events during this administration (1789-1797). * John Adams's. The hostilities with France, the death of Washington, and the removal of the national capitol to the city of Washington (1797-1801).

Jefferson's. The admission of Ohio into the Union, the purchase of the Louisiana territory, the war with the Barbary States, the duel between Hamilton and Burr, the trial of Burr for treason, and Fulton's steamboat invention (1801-1809).

Madison's. The second war with England-of which Hull's surrender of Detroit, Perry's victory on Lake Erie, Harrison's successes, Brown's invasion of Canada, MacDonough's victory on Lake Champlain, the capture by the British of the city of Washington, the British repulse before Baltimore, and Jackson's defense of New Orleans, were the principal events-marks this administration. The Hartford Con

vention, the war with Algiers, and the admission of Louisiana and Indiana into the Union, were also important (1809-1817). Monroe's. The Seminole war; the purchase of Florida; the admission of Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and Missouri into the Union; the adoption of the "Missouri Compromise ;" and Lafayette's visit, were the important events (1817-1825).

John Quincy Adams's. The death of John Adams and of Jefferson occurred. Great progress was made in the work of internal improvements (1825-1829)

Jackson's. Jackson's war against the United States Bank, the "nul.ification" movement of South Carolina, and the admission of Arkansas and Michigan into the Union (1829-1837)

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Van Buren's. "The Panic of 1837," and the formation of Al olition Societies" (1837-1841). Harrison and Tyler's. The death of Harrison, Morse's magnetic-telegraph invention, the preliminary measures for the annexation of Texas, and the admission of Florida into the Union (1841-1845).

Polk's. The war with Mexico, of which the campaigns of Taylor and Scott were the principal features, and the acquisition of California and other territory the result, marks this administration. The discovery of gold in California; and the admission of Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin into the Union, were also important (1845-1849). Taylor and Fillmore's. The death of Taylor, the adoption of the "Compromise of 1850," and the admission of California into the Union (1849-1853).

Pierce's. The repeal of the "Missouri Compromise," the civil war in Kansas, and the treaty with Japan, were the principal events of this administration (1853-1857).

*For a history of the Constitution of the United States and explanations of its language, and information respecting important features of laws enacted under it, acluding a history of the District of Columbia, see the Appendix.

TOPICS FOR REVIEW.

(See the hints and directions, p. 49.)

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Washington. (Let the account be from his inauguration, and
include an estimate of his character and influence.)

John Adams. (See Life and Works of John Adams, by
his grandson, Charles Francis Adams.)
Thomas Jefferson. (See Randall's Life of Jefferson; also Parton's,

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182-194

146-223

and Tucker's.)

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Alexander Hamilton. (See Life of Hamilton, by his son, J. C.
Hamilton; also Morse's Life of Hamilton.)

179-200

Aaron Burr. (See Parton's Life of Burr.)

141-201

John Jay. (See Life of John Jay, by his son William Jay.) 179, 185, 186 James Madison. (See Rives's Life of Madison.)

179-219

James Monroe. (See Lossing's Lives of the Presidents.)

219-222

John Q. Adams. (See Seward's Life of J. Q. Adams; also Josiah
Quincy's.)

222-227

Andrew Jackson, (See Parton's Life of Jackson ; also Benton's

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Thirty Years' View.")

John C. Calhoun. (See Jenkins's Life of Calhoun.)
Martin Van Buren. (See Holland's Life of Van Buren.)

230-245

234-236

William H. Harrison. (Dawson's " Memoirs of Harrison.") 205 (note)-235
John Tyler. (See Lossing's Lives of the Presidents.)
Daniel Webster. (See Edward Everett's Life of Webster; also

Curtis's; also Lanman's.

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147-248

James K. Polk. (Jenkins's "History of Polk's Administration.") 237-245
Henry Clay. (See Epes Sargent's Life of Clay; also Colton's.) - 222–247
Zachary Taylor. (See Powell's Life of Taylor.)
Millard Fillmore. (See Barre's Life of Fillmore.)

Franklin Pierce. (See Hawthorne's Life of Pierce.)

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1859

John Brown's Raid.

253

Buchanan's Administration.

1. As the time for the presidential election approached, three candidates were put in nomination. A party, known as the American party, their leading principle being opposition to "foreign in- The fluence," and their 18th national motto, "Americans

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election.

should rule America," presented ex-President Fillmore. A new party, the outgrowth of the "Free Soil" movement, composed principally of Whigs and Democrats who were opposed to the extension of slavery into free territory, nominated John C. Fremont," the Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains," who had rendered important service in the conquest of California during the Mexican war. The Democratic party, holding that Congress ought not to interfere with the extension of slavery "wherever it found its way by the people's choice," nominated James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, and succeeded in electing him. The inauguration took place on the 4th of March, 1857.

JAMES BUCHANAN.

2. The slavery question continued to be the prominent topic of discussion; and John Brown's Raid, which occurred in the fall of 1859, still further increased the bitterness of feeling then existing between the two sections of the country. "Old John Brown," as he was often called, "had early conceived a fanatical hatred against slavery, and it became the master passion of his life. It John Brown's was his day-dream that he should become the Moses of the African race." After the passage of the KansasNebraska Bill (1854), his four elder sons went from Ohio to

raid.

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