Impossible?: Surprising Solutions to Counterintuitive Conundrums

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Princeton University Press, 28/03/2011 - 264 páginas

In Nonplussed!, popular-math writer Julian Havil delighted readers with a mind-boggling array of implausible yet true mathematical paradoxes. Now Havil is back with Impossible?, another marvelous medley of the utterly confusing, profound, and unbelievable—and all of it mathematically irrefutable.

Whenever Forty-second Street in New York is temporarily closed, traffic doesn't gridlock but flows more smoothly—why is that? Or consider that cities that build new roads can experience dramatic increases in traffic congestion—how is this possible? What does the game show Let's Make A Deal reveal about the unexpected hazards of decision-making? What can the game of cricket teach us about the surprising behavior of the law of averages? These are some of the counterintuitive mathematical occurrences that readers encounter in Impossible?

Havil ventures further than ever into territory where intuition can lead one astray. He gathers entertaining problems from probability and statistics along with an eclectic variety of conundrums and puzzlers from other areas of mathematics, including classics of abstract math like the Banach-Tarski paradox. These problems range in difficulty from easy to highly challenging, yet they can be tackled by anyone with a background in calculus. And the fascinating history and personalities associated with many of the problems are included with their mathematical proofs. Impossible? will delight anyone who wants to have their reason thoroughly confounded in the most astonishing and unpredictable ways.

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Índice

Introduction
1
CHAPTER 1 Its Common Knowledge
3
CHAPTER 2 Simpsons Paradox
11
CHAPTER 3 The Impossible Problem
21
CHAPTER 4 Braesss Paradox
31
CHAPTER 5 The Power of Complex Numbers
39
CHAPTER 6 Bucking the Odds
50
CHAPTER 7 Cantors Paradise
68
CHAPTER 12 Two Card Tricks
131
CHAPTER 13 The Spin of a Needle
146
CHAPTER 14 The Best Choice
165
CHAPTER 15 The Power of Powers
176
CHAPTER 16 Benfords Law
190
CHAPTER 17 Goodstein Sequences
201
CHAPTER 18 The BanachTarski Paradox
210
THE MOTIFS
217

CHAPTER 8 GamowStern Elevators
82
CHAPTER 9 The Toss of a Coin
88
CHAPTER 10 WildCard Poker
103
CHAPTER 11 Two Series
113
APPENDIX
221
Index
233
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Julian Havil is a retired former master at Winchester College, England, where he taught mathematics for thirty-three years. In addition to Nonplussed!, he is the author of Gamma: Exploring Euler's Constant (both Princeton).

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