VOLUME CVI

The Annals

EDITOR: CLYDE L. KING
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: J. H. WILLITS
ASSISTANT EDITOR: J. T. SALTER

EDITORIAL COUNCIL: C. H. CRENNAN, DAVID FRIDAY, A. A. GIESECKE, A. R. HATTON,
AMOS S. HERSHEY, E. M. HOPKINS, S. S. HUEBNER, CARL KELSEY, J. P. LICH-

TENBERGER, ROSWELL C. MCCREA, E. M. PATTERSON, L. 8. ROWE,

HENRY SUZZALO, T. W. VAN METRE, F. D. WATSON

MARCH, 1923

THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

39TH STREET AND WOODLAND AVENUE

PHILADELPHIA

Copyright, 1923, by

THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

All rights reserved

EUROPEAN AGENTS

ENGLAND: P. S. King & Son, Ltd., 2 Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, S. W.
FRANCE: L. Larose, Rue Soufflot, 22, Paris.

GERMANY: Mayer & Müller, 2 Prinz Louis Ferdinandstrasse, Berlin, N. W.
ITALY: Giornale Degli Economisti, via Monte Savello, Palazzo Orsini, Rome.
SPAIN: E. Dossat, 9 Plaza de Santa Ana, Madrid.

PART 1-THE DIRECT PRIMARY

NOMINATING SYSTEMS...

Charles S. Merriam, Ph.D., LL.D. Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago

DIRECT PRIMARIES..

Charles Kettleborough, Ph.D., Legislative Reference Bureau, Indianapolis, Indiana

REMOVABLE OBSTACLES TO THE SUCCESS OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY........

H. W. Dodds, Secretary, National Municipal League

WHY I BELIEVE IN THE DIRECT PRIMARY...

George W. Norris, United States Senator from Nebraska

DEFECTS IN THE DIRECT PRIMARY....

Karl F. Geiser, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science in Oberlin College

THE DIRECT PRIMARY AND PARTY RESPONSIBILITY IN WISCONSIN....

Arnold Bennet Hall, J.D., of the faculties of Political Science and Law of the University

of Wisconsin

OPINIONS OF PUBLIC MEN ON THE VALUE OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY....

William E. Hannan, Legislative Reference Librarian, New York State Library

PART II-SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY

REFORM OF PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATING METHODS..

P. Orman Ray, Ph.D., Professor Political Science, Northwestern University

PARTY PLATFORMS IN STATE POLITICS.

Ralph S. Boots, University of Nebraska

NON-PARTISAN NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS....

Robert Eugene Cushman, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science, University of Minnesota

PRE-PRIMARY CONVENTIONS...

Schuyler T. Wallace, Instructor in Political Science, Columbia University

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Its Spread, Princi-

ples of Operation, Relation to Direct Primaries and General Results.....

C. S. Hoag, Secretary, Proportional Representation League

PREVENTION OF MINORITY NOMINATIONS FOR STATE OFFICES IN THE

...

DIRECT PRIMARY.

Benj. H. Williams, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania

PART III-THE OPERATION OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY IN PARTICULAR

STATES

THE CALIFORNIA DIRECT PRIMARY....

Victor J. West, Professor of Political Science, Stanford University

THE DIRECT PRIMARY LAW IN MAINE AND HOW IT HAS WORKED.....

Orren Chalmer Hormell, Ph.D., Bowdoin College

INDEX..

PART IV

DIGEST OF PRIMARY ELECTION LAWS.......

Charles Kettleborough, Ph.D., Legislative Reference Bureau, Indianapolis, Indiana

BOOK DEPARTMENT..........

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, YEAR ENDING DECEMBER, 31, 1922....

PAGE

1

11

18

22

31

OPERATION OF THE STATE-WIDE DIRECT PRIMARY IN NEW YORK STATE 142

Louise Overacker, M.A., Fellow in Political Science, The University of Chicago

THE WORKINGS OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY IN IOWA....

Frank E. Horack, Professor of Political Science, State University of Iowa, Iowa City

THE OPERATIONS OF THE RICHARDS PRIMARY...

Clarence A. Berdahl, Ph.D., Associate in Political Science, University of Illinois

THE OPERATION OF THE DIRECT PRIMARY IN INDIANA.

Frederic H. Guild, Indiana University

116

128

148

158

172

181

274

281

284