It might be wished that the author had given a more detailed description of the leading association activities; also a more critical explanation of the reasons why some policies were successful and others were not. The reader also misses some constructive suggestions for the future development of association work. The first of these needs is partly supplied in a well-written booklet, Trade Associations, issued by the National Association of Manufacturers. Perhaps it is as yet too early to expect a discussion of policies, because most of the work undertaken is still new and its value and future development cannot be quickly appraised.

The author has given a highly valuable survey of the present lines of activity and

of information. All statements of policy are well documented; the references both to association minutes and other publications, and to court decisions and administrative correspondence, are thoroughly up-to-date. The author's attitude is that of a broad-visioned student of trade and legal affairs who has a keen practical sense of the value of coöperation, and who wants to see association activities conducted along legal lines that will be helpful to their members and to the public at large. The treatment is both scholarly and interesting. The views expressed are sane and practical and the material has been gathered and presented in a natural order. The author has done a real public service in a new and fruitful field of research.

American Year Book, 1912, pp. 61-63; Ibid., 1913, pp. 72-74; Ibid., 1914, pp. 68-71; Ibid., 1916, p. 28.

American Political Science Review, X, 116– 120 (Feb. 1916), "Presidential Primaries."

Aylsworth, L. E., "Presidential Primary Elections-Legislation of 1910-1912," Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev., VI, 429-433 (Aug. 1912).

Barnett, J. D., "The Presidential Primary in Oregon," Pol. Sci. Quar., XXXI, 81– 104 (1916).

Boots, R. S., "The Presidential Primary," Nat. Mun. Rev., Supplement, IX, 597617 (1920).

Bourne, Jonathan, Jr., “Federal Patronage," Congressional Record, February 27, 1911. Davenport, F. M., "The Failure of the Presidential Primary," Outlook, CXII, 807-810 (1916).

Dickey, F. W., "The Presidential Preference Primary," Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev., IX, 467-487 (Aug. 1915).

Hall, A. B., Popular Government (1921), Chap. V.

Laprade, W. T., "Nominating Primary," No. Amer. Rev., CC, 235-243 (1914). Literary Digest, XLIV, 579 (1912), "The Hunt for Delegates."

JAMES T. YOUNG.

Merriam, C. E., The American Party System (1922), pp. 289-298.

Outlook, C, 164 (1912), “The Presidential Primary: A Poll of the Press."

Ibid., C, 387 (1912), “The Presidential Primary."

Ibid., CI, 56, 102 (1912), “Presidential Primaries."

Ibid., CI, 287 (1912), "The Campaign as a School for the People."

Ibid., CV, 783, 792 (1913), "Presidential Primaries."

Ibid., CXXIV, 584-585 (1920), "Money in Political Campaigns."

Potts, C. S., "The Convention System and the Presidential Primary," Rev. of Rev., XLV, 561-566 (1912).

Pulsifer, H. T., “The Pig and the Primary,"

Outlook, CXXVI, 19–21 (1920).

Senate Report, No. 823, 66th Cong., 3d sess. (1921), pp. 2941-2944. On pre-convention expenditures in 1920.

Villard, O. G., "The 'Unbossed' Republican Convention" (1920), Nation, CX, 820-821 (1920).

Williams, Talcott, "Presidents, Primaries, and People," Independent, CII, 358 (1920).

World's Work, XXIII, 260 (1912), "Presidential Primaries."

One of the purposes which your Board has constantly kept in mind is the establishment of Academy centers throughout the country. We have not been able to put this larger plan into effect because of the fact that it will require not only a much more elaborate administrative organization than we at present possess, but will also call for the services of an executive director whose entire time and energy will be devoted to this special duty. As yet your Board has not been able to find a man adequately equipped to undertake this important task.

In conclusion your Board desires to express the hope that during the present year the Academy may have the more active cooperation of a larger percentage of our members. Occupying, as they do, influential positions in all sections of the country, such coöperation will add much to the influence and prestige of the Academy.

January 11, 1923. CHARLES J. RHOADS, ESQ., TREAS., American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, Pa.

Dear Sir:

We herewith report that we have audited the books and accounts of the American Academy of Political and Social Science for its fiscal year ended December 31, 1922.

We have prepared and submit herewith statement of receipts and disbursements during the above indicated period, together with statement of assets as at December 31, 1922.

The receipts from all sources were verified by a comparison of the entries for same appearing in the treasurer's cash book with the record of bank deposits and were found to be in accord therewith.

The disbursements, as shown by the cash book, were supported by proper vouchers. These vouchers were in the form of cancelled paid checks or receipts for moneys expended. These were examined by us and verified the correctness of the payments made.

The investment securities listed in the statement of assets were examined by us and were found to be correct and in accord with the books.

As the result of our audit and examination we certify that the statements submitted herewith are true and correct.

Yours respectfully, (Signed) EDWARD P. MOXEY & Co., Certified Public Accountants.

Ability, 20.

Accuracy, 72.

Advance, 106.

Advertising, 43; self, 92.

Amendments, 22, 68.

Alphabetical arrangement, 152.

America, 35, 94; change of attitude in, 36.

Antagonism, 47.

Appraisal, 142.

Assurance, 176.

Ballot: judicial, 86; non-partisan: 7, 84; radi-

calism of, 85; results of, 87, 95; short ballot 7,
14,19.

BERDAHL, CLARENCE A. Operation of the
Richards Primary, The, 158-171.

Berger, Victor M., 51.
Bi-factionalism, 114.

Board of Directors, Report of, 281-283.

Bonus, soldiers, 111.

BOOTS, RALPH S. Party Platforms in State
Politics, 72-82.

Bribery, 1.

Breakdown, 143.

Brookhart, Col. Smith W., 78,149.

Calder, Senator, 143.

CALIFORNIA DIRECT PRIMARY, THE. West,
Victor J., 116-127.

California, 37.
Campaign funds, 3.

Candidates, 122; character of, 152; independent,

Daly, Alice Lorraine, 159.

Data, 93.

Davies Bill, 128.

Davies, Howard, 128.

Debates, 166, 167, 168.

DEFECTS IN THE DIRECT PRIMARY. Geiser,

Karl F., 31-39.

Defects, 66, 180.
Deliberation, 27.

Demagoguery, 43.

Democracy, 39, 42.

Despotism, 24.

Devine, James H., 106.
Difficulties, 35.

Dignity, 89.

DIGEST OF PRIMARY ELECTION LAWS. Kettle-

borough, Charles, 181-273.

Direct Primary, 108; abolishment of, 28, 116;
advantages of, 6, 142; city versus county, 131;
criticism of, 116; democratic endorsement of,
55; disadvantages of, 142; disappointment in
operation, 5; effect of, 45, 46, 77; essentials of
Maine, 130; impracticability of, 56; necessity
for, 70; opposition to, 116; repeal of, 29;
retention of, 23; small size of vote in, 144, 157;
voting differences, 3.

DIRECT PRIMARIES. Kettleborough, Charles,
11-17.

DIRECT PRIMARY AND PARTY RESPONSIBILITY
IN WISCONSIN, THE. Hall, Arnold Bennett,
40-54.

DIRECT PRIMARY LAW IN MAINE AND HOW IT
HAS WORKED, THE. Hormell, Orren Chal-
mer, 128-141.

Dissatisfaction, 10.

Discard, 80.
Dix law, 142.

Dixon, Governor, 19.

DODDS, H. W. Removable Obstacles to the

Success of the Direct Primary, 18-21.

Drafts, 76.

Education, 180.

Efficiency, 83.

Egan, George W., 159.

Election, 41, 175.

Endorsement, 99.