Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989: Nonattainment (mobile sources)U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989 |
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achieve additional air pollution air quality alternative fuels Association auto automobile automotive averaging believe benefits bill buses CACKETTE California carbon dioxide carbon monoxide catalyst catalytic converters Clean Air Act Committee commuter compliance congestion Congress control systems control technology cost diesel economic effective emission control emission reductions emission standards engine families Environmental Protection EPA's equipment estimate ETBE ethanol blends Federal fleet formaldehyde fuel economy fuel vehicles global warming hydrocarbon I/M program impact implemented improve in-use increase industry legislation levels mandate manufacturers meet methanol million mobile source MTBE natural gas natural gas vehicles NGVs nitrogen oxides nonattainment areas onboard controls operating oxides oxygenated fuels ozone parking particulate passenger cars percent problem production proposed reduce emissions reformulated gasoline regulations require restrictions result safety Sandler Senator BAUCUS Senator CHAFEE strategy stringent Subcommittee tailpipe testing traffic transportation trucks urban vapor volatility warranties
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Página 190 - US market is so large as to dominate the world and is likely to continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
Página 427 - Tcf. At 1987 gas consumption rates of roughly 17 Tcf per year, the PGC estimate is equivalent to a 49-year supply. Using either the DOE or the PGC supply estimates, it is clear that the lower 48 states are able to produce enough natural gas to meet expanded gas demand. An "Elastic...
Página 362 - Safety and the Office of the Secretary of the US Department of Transportation...
Página 410 - EPA's estimates as conservative. Our estimates, based on gas industry experience, show that even more dramatic reductions are achievable for carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbons. As compared to gasoline vehicles, natural gas vehicles offer major reductions in emissions of carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbons. So far, nearly all natural gas vehicles on the road are conversions of existing vehicles that once relied solely on gasoline or diesel fuel. Our experience with such vehicles indicates...
Página 131 - ... the prevention and control of air pollution at its source is the primary responsibility of States and local governments; and (4) that Federal financial assistance and leadership is essential for the development of cooperative Federal, State, regional, and local programs to prevent and control air pollution.
Página 215 - While nitrogen dioxide alone does not significantly reduce visual range, it ia responsible for a portion of the brownish coloration observed in polluted air. In addition, nitrogen dioxide and particulate nitrates also contribute to pollutant haze. Oxides of nitrogen have also been shown to effect vegetation adversely. This effect is even more pronounced when nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide occur simultaneously. Further, nitrogen dioxide has been found to cause deleterious effects on a wide variety...
Página 489 - Nation's manufacturers of commercial, military and business aircraft, helicopters, aircraft engines, missiles, spacecraft, and related components and equipment.
Página 461 - On behalf of the members of the Renewable Fuels Association, the national trade association for the domestic ethanol industry, I want to thank you...
Página 461 - As a direct result of ethanol production, it is estimated that farm income in 1988 increased $750 million, federal farm program costs were reduced by nearly $600 million, and crude oil imports fell by 40 million barrels . Fuel grade ethanol became commercially available in the US in the late 1970's in response to a national policy to promote the development of domestically produced alternative energy sources to reduce our dependence on foreign oil. Today, ethanol/gasoline...
Página 428 - elastic" resource base has become clear to the gas industry over the last 20 years. During the 1970s, prior to the enactment of the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, reserve replacements as a percentage of domestic production averaged 46 percent. During the 1980-88 period the reserve replacement ratio has averaged 89 percent. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, surging wellhead prices brought forth pioneering development of frontier gas resources — including deep gas, tight sands gas and gas from...