PERSONAL NOTES.

AMERICA.

Boston. The eminent historical writer, George Makepeace Towle, died on August 9 last. Mr. Towle was born at Washington, D. C., on August 27, 1841. He was a student at Yale from 1857 to 1861, receiving the degree of A. B. from that university. He then studied at the Harvard Law School, graduating in 1863 with the degree of LL. B. For the next two years he practiced law in Boston. In 1866 he became United States Consul at Nantes, France. In 1868 he resigned this position to become Consul at Bradford, England. While abroad Mr. Towle was occupied in studying the life, literature and politics of Great Britain and France, thus preparing himself for his future work as a lecturer and historian. He returned home in 1870 and became managing editor of the Boston Commercial Bulletin. A year later he resigned this position to become foreign editor of the Boston Post. He remained five years with this paper.

Mr. Towle was a constant contributor to all the leading magazines, writing at the same time a long series of works on political and biographical subjects, and translating also several French books. He was an invalid during the last two years of his life, but found time, nevertheless, to complete two volumes and get the third and final volume well under way of his

"Literature of the English Language."

His published works comprise :

Glimpses of History." Boston. 1865.

History of Henry V., King of England." New York. 1866. "American Society." (2 vols.) London. 1870.

"The Eastern Question: Modern Greece." Boston. 1877.

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Principalities of the Danube: Servia and Roumania." Boston.

Beaconsfield." New York. 1878.

Young Folks' Heroes of History Series; "Vasco da Gama," "Pizarro," "Magellan," "Marco Polo," (6 vols.) Boston. 1878-82.

Raleigh," "Drake."

"Modern France 1851-79." New York. 1879. "Certain Men of Mark."

1880.

"Young People's History of England." 1886.

"Young People's History of Ireland." 1887.

Bowdoin. Mr. William MacDonald has been appointed Professor of History and Political Science at Bowdoin College. Professor MacDonald was born at Providence, R. I., in 1863. He attended the public schools of Newton, Mass., and devoted himself to the study of music at the New England Conservatory, Boston, where he graduated in 1884. From 1884 to 1890 he was Dean of the Department of Music in the University of Kansas. In the year 1890 he became a student of history and economics at Harvard, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1892. In the same year he was appointed Professor of History and Economics at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

University of California.-Professor Carl Copping Plehn* resigned on August I his position at Middlebury College, Vt., to accept an Assistant Professorship of History and Political Science at the University of California. Professor Plehn has recently published:

"The Establishment of a Labor Bureau in Prussia." Publications of the American Statistical Association.

Chicago University.—Mr. William Caldwell, formerly Tutor in Political Economy at the University of Chicago, has been made Instructor in that subject. He was born November 1, 1863, at Edinburgh, Scotland, and obtained his early education at the public grammar school of that city. From 1881 to 1884 he attended the University of Edinburgh, receiving the degree of M. A. in 1884. He pursued post-graduate work at the same university from 1884 to 1887. In 1888 and 1889 he attended the summer semester at Heidelberg and Jena, and as Shaw Fellow was engaged in special research at Paris from April to October, 1889. The year 1889-90 he spent at Cambridge, England, and the following year at Berlin and Freiburg. The autumn term of 1887 he was Acting Professor of Philosophy at Cardiff, Wales, in the absence of Professor A. Seth, and at the same time was lecturer at Edinburgh on the University Education of Women. He was in 1889 appointed by the government, Examiner for the degrees in the Moral Sciences at the University of St. Andrews for the term 1889-94. In 1891 he was elected Instructor in Logic and Methodology at Cornell University, which position he resigned to go to Chicago. For seven years, 1886-93, Mr. Caldwell was a Fellow of the University of Edinburgh, including the Shaw Fellowship in the Moral Sciences, which is the most important fellowship in Scotland and open to the whole country. He is a member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, in which he has held the offices of secretary, president and senior president. Mr. Caldwell is the author of several of the articles in "Chambers' Encyclopædia," and has contributed papers to Mind, The International Journal of Ethics and The Philosophical Review.

See ANNALS. Vol. ii. p. 846. May, 1892.

Mr. William Hill has been appointed Tutor in Political Economy at the University of Chicago. Mr. Hill was born at Bloomingdale, Park County, Ind., on May 31, 1865. He attended in his youth the Bloomingdale graded schools and the Friends' Bloomingdale Academy. In 1887 he entered Earlham College, but left next year for the Kansas State University from which he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1890. He then entered Harvard University receiving the degree of A. B. again in 1891. The next two years he held the Henry Lee Memorial Fellowship at Harvard, acting as assistant to Professor Taussig, and receiving in 1892 the degree of A. M. Mr. Hill is a member of the American Economic Association. He has written : Colonial Tariffs." Quarterly Journal of Economics. October,

1892.

Dr. Ferdinand Schwill has been appointed Tutor in History at the University of Chicago. He was born November 12, 1868, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and attended the public schools of that city before entering Yale University in 1885, where he graduated in 1889 with the degree of A. B. From 1890 to 1892 he studied abroad at the Universities of Munich and Freiburg, and received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the latter institution in 1892. During the following year he was Assistant in History at the University of Chicago.

Colgate University.-Professor George William Smith, formerly Associate Professor of History and Political Science at Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y., has been elected professor of those subjects. Professor Smith was born at Waterville, Kennebec County, Me., on August 18, 1862. His early education was obtained from private teachers and at the Coburn Classical Institute of Waterville. In 1879 he entered Colby University and graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1883. He then attended the Albany Law School, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1887. From 1890 to 1892, Professor Smith studied at the Johns Hopkins University. For one term he was Acting Professor of History at Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa. During the past year, 1892-93, he has been at Colgate University.

Cornell University.-Dr. Lucius Salisbury Merriam has been appointed Instructor in Political Economy at Cornell University. Dr. Merriam was born at Cicero, Onondaga County, N. Y., on January 20, 1867. His early education was obtained at the High School at Chattanooga, Tenn. In 1885 he entered Vanderbilt University, from which he graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1889. During the year 1889-90, Mr. Merriam held a fellowship at Vanderbilt, he then entered Johns Hopkins University, holding a fellowship in Political

Economy during the year 1892–93. Last June he received the degree of Ph. D. from that university. Dr. Merriam is a member of the American Economic Association. His published writings are : "Social Legislation in the United States in 1889 and 1890." Economic Review, April, 1891,

"The Appointment of a Receiver for the City of Nashville in 1869." American Law Review, May-June, 1891.

"The Theory of Final Utility in its Relation to Money and the Standard of Deferred Payments." ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY, January, 1893.

History of Higher Education in Tennessee." United States Bureau of Education.

Dartmouth.-Mr. David Colin Wells has been elected to the chair of Social Science at Dartmouth. Mr. Wells was born at Fayetteville, Onondaga County, N. Y., on September 23, 1858. His early education was obtained at Fayetteville Union School. From there he went to Phillips Academy at Andover, Mass., graduating in 1876. He then entered Yale University, from which he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1880. From 1880 to 1882 he was first assistant in Classics at the Indianapolis Classical School. He then entered Union Seminary, New York. He remained there one year, and in 1883 entered Andover Seminary, from which he received the degree of B. D. in 1885. He continued at Andover the next year as an advanced student in Sociology. The following year, 1886-87, he spent in Germany. Upon his return to the United States in 1887 he was appointed Instructor in History at Phillips Academy at Andover. He held this position until 1890, when he became Professor of History and Political Economy at Bowdoin College, where he remained until he was appointed to his present chair at Dartmouth. Professor Wells has written articles for reviews, and, in particular, articles upon economic and sociological subjects for the Andover Review.

De Pauw University.—Mr. George Chambers Calvert has been appointed Instructor in History at De Pauw University. Mr. Calvert was born at Charleston, Coles County, Ill., on September 2, 1871. In his youth he attended the public schools of his native town. In 1890 he entered the Columbian University at Washington, but in the year following he entered De Pauw University, where he graduated with the degree of Ph. B. in 1893. Mr. Calvert is a member of the De Pauw Philological Society.

Hamilton College.-Mr. Delos De Wolf Smyth has been elected Associate Professor of History and Political and Social Science at Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. Professor Smyth was born at

Oswego, N. Y., on February 9, 1869. His early education was obtained at private schools at Clinton. From 1886 to 1890 he studied at Hamilton College, graduating in 1890 with the degree of A. B. The following year he studied in Germany at the University of Heidelberg, and the ensuing year at Harvard. In 1892 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at Hamilton College. During the year he was transferred from the Department of English to the Department of History and Economics, to the faculty of which he has now been advanced. In June, 1893, he received the degree of A. M. from his alma mater.

Johns Hopkins University.-Dr. George Kriehn has been appointed Instructor in History at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Kriehn was born on April 19, 1868, at Lexington, Lafayette County, Mo. He attended the public schools and the Wentworth Male Academy at Lexington, entering in 1883 William Jewell College at Liberty, Mo., from which he graduated in 1887 with the degree of A. B. He went abroad the same year and studied at Berlin from 1887 to 1889. The years 1889 to 1892 he spent at Freiburg, Berlin, Zurich and Strassburg, receiving the degree of Ph. D. from the University of Strassburg in 1892. During the past year he held a fellowship and was employed as an assistant in the Historical Department of Johns Hopkins University, delivering a short course of lectures to graduate students. Dr. Kriehn is a member of the American Historical Association and has published:

"English Rising in 1450," Strassburg, 1892.

Leland Stanford Jr. University.-Mr. Arley Bartholow Show has been elected Associate Professor of European History at Leland Stanford Jr. University. He was born in Marshall County, Ill., near Wenona, on August 10, 1856. He attended the public schools of Broadhead, Wis., and the preparatory school of Doane College, at Crete, Neb. In 1882 he graduated from Doane College with the degree of A. B. He then entered the Hartford (Conn.) Seminary, remaining one year when, in 1883, he entered Andover Theological Seminary. He received the degree of B. D. from Andover in 1885. For the two succeeding years he was pastor of the Congregational Church at Waco, Neb. In 1887 he was appointed Professor of History and English Literature at Doane College, which position he held until 1892, when he was appointed Assistant Professor of History at Leland Stanford Jr. University. The year 1892 he spent as a special student in history at Harvard. Professor Show is a member of the American Historical Society, American Economic Association, Nebraska State Historical Society, American Society of Church History and the