et seq.

Rogers, S. S., 198

Sherman, Jobn, 126, 128, 293
Roome, W. Harris, 851, 853, 851, 855

Sherwood, S., 330-32 r., 855
Roosevelt, T., 193, 851, 854

Shinn, J. F., 315
Roscher, W., 22, 683, 979

Show, Arley B., 460 p. n.
Rosengarten, Jos. G., 851, 958

Sidgwick, H., 683
Rosewater, V., 448, 453, 466, 695 b.

Siebert, W. H., 462 p. n.
Ross, Edw. A., 193, 197, 425-41 pap., 448, Siegle, G., 655
647, 918, 969, 971, 972

Simon, J., 296
Rossi, 3, 22

Sims, P. D., 455
Rothschild, A., 75, 517, 951

Sims, Thos., 975
Round, 255, 256, 257

Singer, I., 447
Round, w. M. F., 455

Sinks, P. W., 948
de Rousiers, P., 620-46 pap., 149

Sisinondi, 2
Rosseau, J. J., 691 b., 810

Skelton, 117
Rowe, Leo S., 23, 302-5 com., 453-54 com., Sloane, W. M., 328-30 b.
476-80 r., 840-41 r., 852, 853, 949, 952 Smart, Wm., 174

Smith, Adam, 1, 3, 18, 318 et seq., 337,
Ruskin, 391, 403

344, 476, 477, 558, 682, 683, 698, 702, 730
Russell, F., 491

Smith, D. C., 856

Smith, Eugene, 198, 455
Safford, A. G., 998

Smith, G. J., 314
St. Simon, 2, 9, 10, 811

Smith, Goldwin, 676-79 6.
Saleilles, R., 949

Smith, G. W., 193, 458 p. the
Salmon, Lucy M., 196

Smith, J. Howard, 855
Salter, W, M., 851, 855

Smith, L., 27
Sanford, 108

Smith, W. H., 196
Sanford, A. H., 315

Smyth, 887
Sasamori U., 466

Smyth, D. D., 459 p. n.
Sauerbeck, 509, 832

Snow, F., 404 et seq., 680 b.
Savigny, 683

Soetbeer, A., 21, 22, 61, 71, 74, 77, 147, 508
Sawyer, N., 192

Soper, M. A., 315
Sax, E., 170

Spahr, C. B., 198, 462, 856
Say, J. B., 2, 3, 9, 18, 22

Sparks, F. E., 315
Say, Leon, 1006

Sparks, J., 676
Schaeffle, 465, 979, 991

Speir, J., 58
Scheff, 1008

Spence, 198
Schieren, Chas. A., 851, 853, 856, 871 Spence, C. H., 448, 451
Schmid, 254

Spencer, E., 461 p. n.
Schmoller, G., 28, 333, 697-737 pap., 814, Spencer, Herbert, 151 et seq., 383, 480-82
980, 981

b., 582, 619 b., 931, 932, 934, 991, 1002
Schoonmaker, A., 192

Spofford, A. R., 196
Schouler, Jas., 196, 260, 263, 676-79 6. Spoto, S., 304
Schroeder, 234 et seq.

Sprague, F. M., 187-89 d.
Schulz, F. W., 855

Siabler, E., Jr., 856
Schulze, H., 681

Stamwiler, 241
Schulze-Gävernitz, G., 311 p. n.

Stanwood, 691
Schurman, J. G., 192, 197

Starcke, W., 233, 237
Schurz, Carl, 851, 853, €55

Starkey, 662
Schurz, Carl L., 697-737 Irans.

Start, C. B., 196, 314
Schuze, 684

Stein, 958
Schwab, J. C., 650 p. n.

Stein, Robert, 991-95 b.
Schwill, F., 458 p. n.

Steiner, B. C.. 1003-4 b.
Scott, E, H., 691 b.

Stevens, c. Ellis, 999–1001 b.
Scott, John C., 314

Stewart, J. L., 193, 467
Scott, W. A., 194, 310 p. n., 827-29 r.

Stöcker, A., 178
Scott, W. M., 447

Stokes, A. P., 852
Scrutton, 246

Storey, M., 851, 853, 84, 856
Seager, H. R., 168–79 r., 448, 675-76 r., Story, Jos., 887
805-9 com.

Stoughton, 126
Seebohm, 471, 687

Stourm, R., 1005-6 .
Seligman, E. R. A., 198, 442, 448

Strachey, John, 506
Semple, Ellen C., 835-36 r.

Strauss, Louis, 1000 b.
Sering, Max, 651 p. n.

Strauss, O., 198
Seth, A., 457

Strong, Josiah. 491
Seyd, E., 494

Stuart, Edwin 8., 853
Sbaler, 937

Stubbs, 251, 255, 256, 58, 260
Shambaugh, B. F., 467

Suess, E., 832, 994-95 b.
Sharpless, Isaac, 150, 851

Sullivan, A. J., 856
Shaw, Albert, 413

Sumner, W. G., 92, 112, 114, 115
Shearman, T. 6., 856

Suriya, Phra, 447
Shepard, Edw. M., 851

Swain, H. ., 315
Shepherd, N. R., 467

Swayne, W., 192

Sybel, 333

Wadlin, H. G., 447
Szanto, 870

Wagner, Ad., 178, 814, 948, 979

Waite, H. R., 856
Taber, Chas., 855

Waldo, 200
Tacitus, 324, 873, 1001

Walfer, H., 455
Taine, 692

Walk, J. W., 156
Tandonnet, A., 305

Walker, A. F., 192
Tardif, 258

Walker, B. F., 855
Taussig, F. W., 92, 179-81 6., 181-83 6., 198, Walker, C. S., 790-98 com.
442, 443, 444. 458, 693

Walker, Francis, 467
Taylor, F. M., 199, 448

Walker, F. A., 92, 176, 198, 328, 442, 443,
Taylor, Graham, 448

-766, 851, 966, 967, 968
Terry, S. S., 852

Walker, J. H., 150, 693
Thatcher, 0. J., 6-18 p. n.

Walker, R. J., 182
Thayer, W. R., 183-85 b.

Walker T., 263
Thibaut, 683

Walker, T. A., 680-81 b.
Thiers, 12

Wallin, Madeline, 314
Thomas, W. I., 314

Walras, L., 299, 336, 657-60 p. n., 1005
Thompson, H. M., 692 6.

Walter, 237
Thompson, J. W., 314

Walter, E. L., 691, 692
Thorpe, 241 et seq.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

N. B.-Titles of papers are printed in small capitals.

Charity," La Beneficenza Romani dagli Degrees of doctor of philosophy con-
antichi tempi tino ad oggi,” per Q. ferred in 1893, 313-14, 466
Querini, reviewed, 474-76

Deferred payments. See Total utility.
National Conference of Charities and Delaware. See Education.
Correction, 190

Delinquent classes. See Sociology.
RELATION OF ECONOMIC STUDY TO Dictionaries, Webster's and the Standard,

CHARITY, 34-60. Function of eco- compared, 982-85
domics as science and art, 34; Distribution, defined, 984; in English
What is poverty, 38; Methods of political economy, 317
investigating poverty, 39; Mono- THE SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE VIEW
graphs, 40; Mr. Booth's London

OF DISTRIBUTION, 378–403. Objective
methods, 44; Causes of poverty,

and subjective costs, defined and
46; Deeper causes, 48; Proposed

discussed, 378-82; Sacritices inclu-
remedies, 53: Insurance schemes,

ded in subjective costs and Pro-
55; Labor colonies, 57

fessor Patten's position criticized,
City government. See Municipal govern- 383-87; Distribution of objective
ment,

surplus discussed, 387–90; Division
Coinage laws of United States. See Money. of the subjective surplus, Professor
“Colonies, the American, Commercial

Patten held to be in error, 391-96;
Policy of England toward," by G. L.

Importance of keeping the rela-
Beer, reviewed, 663-64

tions of the objective and subject-
Commercial policy of England. See Col-

ive social surplus clear, 396-400;
onies.

The author's view of distribution
Competition between railroads, 996

summarized, 400-403
Confederation. See Federal Government. District of Columbia. See Negro.
Connecticut. See Slavery.

Dower, in common law, 255
Constitutions. THE FIRST STATE CON-

STITUTIONS, 201-32. Importance of State Economic history, "An Introduction to
constitutions, 201 ; Sources of the same, English Economic History and The-
203; Growth of representative system, ory," Part II, by W. J. Ashley, re-
204 ; Bicameral system, 211; Origin of viewed, 661-63
the division of houses, 214 ; The fran- Education, History of Education in
chise, 215 ; Native source of these forms, Delaware," by L. P. Powell, note 1004-5
216; The executive in the colonies, 217; Eight-hours question, 692
Organization of the legislature, :220; England. "Growth of English Industry
The executive in the States, 225 ; Ex- and Commerce in Modern Times," by
ecutive councils, 227; General charac- W. Cunningham, reviewed, 470-73
ter of the State constitutions, 229

“Industrial and Commercial History
Constitutions of Europe and America, of England," by J. E. T. Rogers, re-
487

viewed, 330-32
Constitutional Convention of New York. See Colonies.
See State Government.

See also Economic History.
Constitutional History, “Sources of the Equality. See Religious toleration.

Constitution of the United States," by Equity, in classification of law, 747 et seq.
C. E. Stevens, reviewed, 999-1001

* Essais et études,” by E. de Laveleye,
Consumption, defined, 984

note 1006–7
Convention of 1787, Madison's “Jour- Ethics. “Principles of Ethics," by H.
nal" of, note, 691

Spencer, reviewed, 480-82
Co-operation. See Farmers' movement. Evolution, relation to politics, 153; Of
Cost, subjective and objective, 378; Of economic institutions, 979-80
production, 349 et seq.

Executive powers, in colonies, 217; in
Cotton farming, 269

States, 225
Criminal Statistics, "Die Methode einer

wissenschaftlichen Rückfallsstatistik, FARMERS' MOVEMENT, THE, 790-98. Un.
als Grundlage einer Reform der Krim- favorable position of farmer, 790–1; Or.
inalstatistik," by O. Köbner, reviewed, ganization, 792-3; Educational move.
671-73

ment, 793-4; Co-operative schemes,
Crime, “Prisoners and Paupers," by H. 794-5; Influence of farmers upon legis-
M. Boies, reviewed, 187-90

lation, 795-8
"The Death Penalty,” by A. J. Palm, THE GRANGE AND THE CO-OPERATIVE
reviewed, 187-90

ENTERPRISES IN NEW ENGLAND,
Criminology, bibliography of, 690

798-805
See Sociology.

Family, Le Play's conception of, 643
Crusades, "Le Europe féodale, les Croi. Federal Government “Staatenbund und
sades," reviewed, 987-90

Bundesstaat," by J. R. Westerkamp,
Currency, "An Elastic Currency," by reviewed, 841-43
Horace White, note, 693

Fellowships and post-graduate scholar.
"Die Preisbewegung der Edelmetalle ships for 1893-94, 314-15, 467

seit 1850," by S. M. Lindsay, re- Final Utility, relation to money, 966
viewed, 830-32

Finance, "The Financial History of Vir.
See Monetary Conference.

ginia, 160 776," W. Z. Ripley, re-
See also Money.

viewed, 837-38

"

“La Gréce economique et finan- India. “Our Indian Protectorate," by C.

ciére en, 1893,'' by D. Georgiades, L. Tupper, reviewed, 482-84
reviewed, 829–30

Indian Currency. See Money.
"Special Assessments," by V. Rose- Individualism, of Spencer, 152, 154
water, note, 695–96

Insurance, as remedy for poverty, 55
Florence, "I Primi due secoli della sto- “ Agricultural Insurance in organic

ria di Firenze," by P. Villari, reviewed, connection with Savings Banks,
840-41

Land Credit and Commutation of
France, “Les Origines de l'ancienne Debts," by P. Mayet, reviewed, 833-
France," par J. Flach, reviewed, 322-

34
24

Interest. INTEREST AND PROFITS, 37-47.
Recent French Economic Publica- Smith's analysis of price, 337, Modif-
tions, 1005–8

cations of Ricardo, 338; True justifica-
See Political Economy.

tion of interest, 339; Successive appear-
Franchise in American States, 214

ance of wages, profits, interest, 340; In-
Frontier, “Significance of the Frontier terest commuted rent, 344; Extent to

in American History," by F.J. Turuer, which interest affects price, 345
note, 846

Internal revenue. See Income tax.
Function of the State, 734

International law, defined, 747
Geography. “Politische Geographie der

"Cases and Opinions on International

Law," by F. Snow, reviewed, 680
Vereinigten Staaten" by F. Ratzel, re-

"The science of International Law,"
viewed, 835-36
Germany. Étude sur la Politique de

by T. A. Walker, reviewed, 680-81

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE,
l'Empereur Frédéric II. en Allemagne

meeting in 1893, 443-45
etc., par G. Blondel, reviewed, 316

Italy. "The Dawn of Italian Independ-
See Money.
Gold standard the war standard, 80

ence," by W. R. Thayer, reviewed, 183

85
Gothenburg System, The. See Liquor

See Government.
traffic.
Government. "History of Federal Gov-

Justice, conception of, in political econ-
ernment in Greece and Italy," by E. A.

omy. See Political Economy.
Freeman, reviewed, 473-74
Governmental interference, 598 et seq.

Justum pretium, 730
Grange. See Farmers' Movement.

Labor. See Women,
Greece. See Finance.

Labor colonies, 57
See also Government.

Labor movement. See Socialism.
Guilds, “The Gild Merchant," by C.

Land, “History of the English Landed
Gross, reviewed, 332-35

Interest," by Garnier, note, 488
Health, NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF

Law. CLASSIFICATION OF LAW, 738_752.
HEALTH, 292-97. Need of such a body,

Municipal law defined, 738–9; "Right"
292; Functions supervisory, medical,

defined and classified, 739-742; Structu-
294; Statistical, 295; Indirect effects

ral (constitutional) law, 742; Public
of such a department, 295

Law, 743; Law of Persons, 744; Prop-
Hierarchy of the sciences, 945

erty, 745; Contracts, 745; Status, PTO-
Historical School, 17

cedure, Rules of Construction, 746;
History. “Histoire générale de IVe sie- Law of Nations, 747; Equity, 747-8: The
cle à nos Jours," by Lavisse and Ram-

classification of Kent, the Code Napo
baud, reviewed, 987-90

léon, Blackstone and the Institutes of
"How to Study and Teach History,"

Justinian, compared, 749_752
by B. A. Hinsdale, reviewed, 985–

Law of equal freedom, 593
87

Laws, economic, 7
See American history.

Legacies, faulty care of, 83
See also Constitutional history.

Legislation, excess of, 844 et seq.

Legislative power, dangers of, 120
“Inaugural Addresses," note, 691.

Le Play's school. See Sociology.
Income Tax, THE FEDERAL REVENUES Life Insurance. AMERICAN LIFE INSTB-

AND THE INCOME TAX, 557-581. Origin ANCE METHODS, 753-763. Elements of
of the deficit, 557-8; Methods of meet- life insurance, 753; Interest and invest.
ing this, 559-60; Income tax of 1861, ment, methods of apportioning death
561; Of 1862, 562; Its anomalies, 563; losses, 755-58; Apportionment for matu-
Progression tax of 1864, 564; Late mod- rities and expenses, 758-9: Net premium,
ifications, 565; Causes of unpopularity 760; Reserve valuations, 761; Lapses,
of the income tax, 566-7; Operation of 762; Government of companies, 763
the income tax, 568-71 ; Direct taxes Liquor tax, 573-74
are best suited for local purposes, 671- Liquor traffic, The Gothenburg System,
2 ; Internal revenue taxes, 572-5; His- C88-89
tory of the tobacco and liquor tax, London. BETTERMENT CLAUSE OF THE
573 ; Losses by anticipation of the tax, LONDON IMPROVEMENT BILL, 453
574-5; Advantages of the foregoing
taxes, 577-79; Possibility of increasing Madison's Journal," new edition, note,
these taxes, 580-81

961