one of her violent and ungovernable fits of rage. She stamped and wrestled with the prison officials, two of whom forced her up the ladder, and her screams did not cease till the bolt was drawn.

4. Mr. H. G. Ward appointed Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands.

6. Sudden death from cholera of Dr. Crolly, Primate of the Irish Roman Catholic Church. He was succeeded by Dr. Dixon, Maynooth.

10.-The Genoese, after defending their city with great vigour for eight days, surrendered to the besieging force under General La Marmora. A general amnesty was granted to the whole of the inhabitants, except those officials of the old gime who had accepted office under the Provisional Government.

- Engagement between the Danes and the united armies in the Duchies. The former were victorious.

11.-Mr. Cobden entertained at a banquet at Wakefield in celebration of his return for the West Riding.

12.-A reaction at Florence in favour of the Grand Duke of Tuscany; most of the revolutionary bodies suddenly quit the city.

Died at Edinburgh, aged 56, Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochaw, well known in Scotland for his Sabbatarian zeal.

13.-The Danes defeated by a combined German army on the Duppel heights, opposite

the Isle of Alsen.

17. The new Constitution of Rome subitted to the Assembly. It provided that here should be an Assembly of Representatives esected for three years by universal suffrage; that there should be two Consuls, elected by the same process, charged with the executive

wer; and twelve Tribunes similarly elected Et five years, to whom the Consuls were to

Ce an account of their administration. The

Tribunes were also specially entrusted with the ission of guarding against any violation of the Constitution.

18.-Prince Albert lays the foundation-stone of the Great Grimsby Docks.

21.-The Prussian Cabinet refuse to recognize the Frankfort Constitution. 23.-The third reading of the Navigation

Bill carried in the House of Commons by a majority of 275 to 214.

24.-Votes of thanks passed in both Houses of Parliament to the Governor-General of India, the Commander-in-Chief, and the officers and soldiers of the army in India, for their late brilliant and successful exploits.

Advices from Vienna announce the defeat of the Imperialists before Gran by the Hungarian insurgents, the raising of the siege of Comorn, and the evacuation of Pesth by the Austrians.

25.-Disturbance at Montreal on the occasion of the Governor-General, Lord Elgin, giving his consent to a bill for indemnifying those inhabitants of Lower Canada (mostly French) whose property was injured or destroyed during the rebellion of 1837-38. The Governor-General was personally assaulted, the Parliament dissolved by mob violence, and the Hall of Assembly set on fire. A large portion of the archives of the province and a precious library attached to the building were destroyed. The rebel party, among whom were many Canadians of distinction, were overpowered by the military.

26.-Eleven children drowned at the Black Rocks, Leith, the tide unexpectedly cutting off their retreat to the shore, while engaged in the holiday pursuit of shell-fishing.

· Five thousand lambs lost in a snow-storm in Romney Marsh.

The King of Prussia suddenly dissolves the Second Berlin Chamber for calling on the Government immediately to terminate the state of siege declared on the 12th November. The sittings of the Upper Chamber were adjourned the same day. A new electoral law was issued on the 31st May.

The French expeditionary army in support of the Pope lands at Civita Vecchia, and takes possession of the town without opposition. At Rome the Triumvirs order a levy of 50,000 men, and while protesting against the unexpected invasion, declare at the same time their firm purpose of resisting, and of holding France responsible for the consequences. General Oudinot issued the following proclamation: "Inhabitants of the Roman States,-In presence of the events which agitate Italy, the French Republic resolves to send a corps d'armée into your territory, not to defend the present Government, which it has not recog nized, but to avert great misfortunes from your country. France does not arrogate to herself the right to regulate interests which are, before all, those of the Roman people, and which extend themselves to the whole of Europe, and to all the Christian world; she has only considered that by her position she was particularly called upon to interfere, to facilitate the establishment of a régime equally removed from the abuses which have for ever been destroyed by the generosity of the illustrious Pius IX. and from the

anarchy of these late days. The flag which I have just raised on your shores is that of peace, order, conciliation, and true liberty. Round it will rally all who wish to co-operate in the accomplishment of this patriotic and sacred work." A counter-proclamation designed to turn the Roman people against this violation of the soil of the Republic was instantly issued by the Triumvirs, Mazzini, Saffi, and Armellini.

26.-Additional Irish remedial measures introduced into the House of Lords by the Lord Chancellor, and into the House of Commons by Lord John Russell. The scheme consisted of bills to convert leaseholds perpetually renewable on payment of fines into fee simple, by securing to the landlord a fee-farm rent; to equalize the rates leviable for the relief of the poor, so that in no electoral district could property be burdened to a greater extent than 5s. per pound; and to extend the usefulness of the Encumbered Estates Act passed last year, by simplifying the title under which property could be legally held in Ireland.

In reference to this

last measure it was stated that claimants for estates, in the shape of tenants-for-life, annuitants, mortgagees, judgment creditors, tenantsin-tail, remainder-men, and reversioners, were contending for the ownership of more than 700 estates then under the control of the Court of Chancery, and that there were probably as many more in such a condition that no effort could long preserve them from the same fate. The measures were favourably received by both sides of the House.

27. Count Nesselrode issues a manifesto to the Courts of Europe, seeking to justify the interference of Russia between Austria and the Hungarians. "Raised on the basis of anarchy, and imbued with that hostile spirit which the Hungarian chiefs have against Russia, there is nevertheless a great danger for us in a movement in the extension of which we dare not concur. In protecting his Polish and Danubian provinces from the scourge of a propaganda which means to convulse them, and by granting the assistance which the Austrian Government claim at his hands, the Emperor flatters himself that he acts in his own interest and also in the interest of European peace and tranquillity."

29.-The Hannah, emigrant ship, wrecked on her passage from Newry to Quebec, and sixty people drowned.

The King of Naples, at the head of a small force, enters the States of the Church at Terracina.

30. Treaty between Russia and Turkey fixing the government of the Danubian Principalities.

Died at London, aged 59, Samuel Maunder, author of many useful books of reference.

May 1.-A Protectionist gathering in London, presided over by the Duke of Rich

mond. Resolutions were unanimously adopted to the effect that free trade had failed to produce the benefit predicted by its promoters, and had been followed by deep injury to many of the great interests in the country. Those present agreed to form a "National Association for the Protection of British Industry and Capital."

1.-The Russian troops set out on their march through Gallicia, to assist Austria in her war against Hungary.

-The Stowe Manuscripts purchased by Lord Ashburton for 8,000l.

4.-In anticipation of the threatened dissent of Prussia from their decree, the Deputies of the Frankfort Parliament resolved that "Should Prussia in particular not be represented in that Parliament, and therefore not have acknowledged the Constitution, either expressly or de facto, then the Sovereign of the State which has the greatest number of inhabitants among them represented shall enter upon the rights and duties of the Emperor, under the title of Regent or Stadtholder of the Empire." The Diet split up on the 6th June, when a number of the Deputies withdrew to Stuttgardt.

The anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic celebrated in Paris.

Died, aged 63, Mr. Horace Twiss, biographer of Lord Eldon.

5.-Riotous proceedings at Fen Ditton, Cambridge, arising out of an attempt to inflict penance upon a person charged with slandering the rector's wife.

6. A murderous foray carried out by the British troops under Major Hill and Mr. Norman Macdonald, Governor of the British colony of Bathurst, against a native king, on the banks of the Gambia. The towns of Keeming and Bombacco were burnt, and a great number of natives destroyed with grape and canister, to avenge an alleged affront.

8.-The second reading of the Navigation Bill carried in the House of Lords by a majority of 10. The debate continued till halfpast four o'clock the following morning.

The President of the French Republic to General Oudinot :-"The telegraphic news announcing the unforeseen resistance which you have met with under the walls of Rome has greatly grieved me. I had hoped, as you know, that the inhabitants of Rome, opening their eyes to evidence, would receive with eagerness an army which had arrived there to accomplish a friendly and disinterested mission. This has not been the case.

Our soldiers have

been received as enemies. Our military honour is engaged. I will not suffer it to be assailed. Reinforcements shall not be wanting to you. Tell your soldiers that I appreciate their bravery, and take part in what they endure; and they may always rely on my support and my gratitude.'

9.-General Garibaldi defeats the Nea

politans, 7,000 strong, at Palestrina. He returned to Rome on the 11th, and was received in triumph.

9.-Rioting in New York theatres, caused by a rumoured jealousy between the tragedian Macready, then on a visit to the States, and a native actor named Forrest. Driven from the stage of the Astor House Theatre on the 7th, Mr. Macready, in compliance with a requisition, now made his appearance a second time, and his friends were found to have mustered in sufficient numbers to turn the disaffected out of the building by force. This led to a serious noting in the streets, at the height of which the military were called out and fired into the mob. Three or four were killed and a much larger number injured by the discharge. Mr. Macready escaped from the theatre to his hotel in disguise, and embarked for England at the earliest opportunity.

10.-Martial law proclaimed in Prussia.

11.-In reply to Mr. B. Osborne, Lord Palmerston states that notice had been received from the Cabinet at Vienna of the advance of Russian forces into Hungary, but that the British Government had made no offer of mediation between the contending parties.

The Rate-in-aid Bill read a second time in the House of Lords by a majority of I.

- Died in Paris, from cholera, aged 72, Madame Récamier.

13.-The Neapolitans capture Palermo. 14.-Insurrection in Baden, and flight of the Grand Duke from Carlsruhe.

15.-In consequence of the morning newspapers declining to report the frequent lengthy speeches of Mr. John O'Connell, the hon. gentleman attempts to avail himself of an Act long in abeyance, to expel the reporters from the House along with all other strangers. On the 8th June they were kept out of the Hase during the discussion in committee of the Poor Relief (Ireland) Bill.

16.-Bologna, after a sanguinary struggle of eight days, surrenders to the Austrians.

18.-Smith O'Brien expelled from the House of Commons by a formal vote, and a new writ ordered for Limerick County.

19.-An Irish bricklayer, named Hamilton, fires a pistol, charged with powder, at the Queen, when proceeding down Constitutionhill towards Buckingham Palace. He was instantly arrested and committed for trial under the Act, passed in 1842, to punish those who attacked her Majesty with intent to alarm. On his trial he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to seven years' transportation.

A body of 10,000 Russian troops arrive at Czernowitz to aid the Austrians in their operations against Hungary.

21.-Died at Edgeworthtown, County Longford, in her 83d year, Maria Edgeworth, the well-known authoress of many stories of Irish life and modern society.

The furnishings of Prince Louis Napoleon's house in St. James's-square sold by auction. 22.-Interview between the Emperors of Russia and Austria, in Warsaw.

Died

in London, aged 74, Robert Vernon, F.S.A. He expended upwards of 150,000/. in the purchase of modern British paintings, which he generously bequeathed to the nation.

25.-Uhland's proclamation to the German people read in the Frankfort Assembly.

27. The French Legislative Assembly of 750 members holds its first sitting.

Four thousand Spanish troops land at Gaeta to assist the Pope.

28.-At Toomavara, Tipperary, 500 of the famine-stricken inhabitants were evicted under circumstances which led to repeated reference being made to the case in Parliament.

June

3.-General Oudinot, apparently anxious to spare the historical part of Rome, where the defence was weakest, moves a column of attack against the Villa Pamphili. He surprised 200 of Mellora's free corps and took them prisoners. Garibaldi's party in the villa were on the alert, and gave the alarm to the defenders of the walls overlooking the battleground. A desperate engagement took place, the villa being several times taken and re-taken in the course of the day. At nightfall it remained in the hands of the French. The Church of San Pancrazzio, the Corsini and Valentini Villas, were afterwards attacked and carried. The Triumvirs issued a proclamation :-"No one imagined that France would, like a thief in the night, steal into our city; but it did so, and succeeded to a certain point. Whilst Oudinot resorts to this infamous

act, France rises up and recalls its troops from this work of invasion. One more effort, Romans, and the country is saved for ever! Rome by its constancy regenerates all Europe!"

3.-In Paris to-day the deaths from cholera number 119.

4.-Died suddenly, at Paris, aged 60, Marguerite, Countess of Blessington, a leader of fashion in English society, and an authoress of various works of fiction and travel.

Mr. Hume brings forward a motion on the subject of Parliamentary Reform, leave being asked therein to bring in a bill to extend the electoral franchise to all householders, to enact voting by ballot, to shorten the duration of Parliament to three years, and to equalize the proportion of representatives to electors. On a division the motion was negatived by 268 to 82. Lord John Russell praised the Manchester politicians for their knowledge of certain economical questions in which they were particularly interested, but accused them of narrowness of understanding concerning "the great principles on which our ancestors founded the Constitution of this country, and which we their successors humbly admire and endeavour to follow."

5.--Explosion in the Hebburn Colliery, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, causing the death of 33

men.

10.-Deaths in Paris from cholera, 672, the maximum number. Marshal Bugeaud died to-day.

11. Mr. Cobden's motion for an address to the Crown in favour of settling disputes by a scheme of international arbitration defeated by a majority of 176 against 79.

The Jews' Emancipation Bill read a third time in the House of Commons by a majority of 66.

Violent scene in the French Assembly, arising from the declaration of Ledru-Rollin that the Constitution had been violated by the force sent out in support of the Pope having attacked the Roman people in their own capital. On the 13th the elements of discord were so alarming that Paris was declared in a state of siege. Attempts were even made to erect barricades; but those stationed at them generally fled on the approach of the military without any serious fighting. Several of the more violent Red Republicans were seized and their organs suppressed.

The General Board of Health issue a notification regarding the visitation of cholera to this country. Since the latter end of March the disease had broken out in twelve different parts of the metropolis, in 27 towns in England and Wales, and 17 towns in Scotland. In the two months from the 29th of March to the 29th of May the total number of cases was 428, but in the twelve days preceding the date of the present notice the number was 673. The total number of deaths up to the time of the renewal

of the Order in Council were 6,319 out of 14,332 attacks, whereas the returns now gave 638 deaths out of 1,203 attacks.

11. The Irish State prisoners, whose sentence had been commuted to transportation for life, demand that they should either be set at liberty or executed according to the original sentence.

12. The third reading of the Navigation Bill carried in the House of Lords without a division. The Bishop of Oxford's amendment on the motion that the bill do pass was rejected by 23 to 9.

14. In consequence of the difficulty which had arisen in connexion with the commutation of the sentence upon the Irish traitors, a bill is brought in to-day, and carried hastily through both Houses, to remove any doubt which might exist with regard to the Crown's right to exercise the prerogative of mercy in cases of high

treason.

Died at Paris, from cholera, aged 70, Madame Catalani, vocalist.

15.-Died at his residence, near Nashville, Tennessee, aged 53, J. K. Polk, late President of the United States.

19.--Loss of the transport ship Richard Dart, on the north side of Prince Edward's Island. She struck during a storm of such severity that the waves tore the lifeboats from the quarter-deck, and swept off 47 of the pas sengers and crew. Of these the mate alone contrived to reach the rocks. The commander and a few others took refuge in the rigging, and were saved by the mainmast falling inshore. They were exposed to great hardships on the island till they fell in with an exploring party from Capetown, who maintained them for thirty-two days, when a vessel passed for the Cape.

20. Great gathering at the Menai Straits, to witness the fixing of the first tube of the Britannia Bridge. The operation, at once deli cate and stupendous, was accomplished without accident to the tube, but one life was lost, and a short delay occasioned, by the bursting of one of the cylinders of a hydraulic press.

21.-The Austro-Russian troops defeat the Hungarians, who retreat across the Waag.

22.—The annual budget introduced by Sit Charles Wood. He calculated the total income at 52,252,000l., and the expenditure at 51,515,064/ With the small surplus at his disposal, he did not propose to make any reduction in the taxation.

23. The Pope, in exile, makes a contribu tion of 20,000 francs for the relief of the starving Irish.

25.-Carlsruhe, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Baden, occupied by the Prussians.

Came on at Westminster, before the Lord Chief Baron, the case of Nottidge v. Ripley and another, an action for damages raised by

Miss Louisa Nottidge against her brother and brother-in-law for confining her in a private Junatic asylum. Along with three sisters, the plaintiff had in 1846 adopted the opinions of Mr. Prince, believing him to be a divine person and herself immortal, and joined the small community gathered together at the Agapemone, or "Abode of Love," at Charlinch, near Taunton. One of the inmates, William, stated in examination that he believed the plaintiff to be as sane as himself, and possessed of a quiet but happy spirit. The jury gave a verdict in her favour, with 50/. damages, but expressed an opinion that the defendants had not been actuated by any mercenary_motives in their proceedings. (See July 25, 1860.)

25.-Died, aged 57, Karl Gottlob Zumpt, philologist and grammarian.

26.-The Jewish Disabilities Bill thrown out in the House of Lords, on a second reading, by a majority of 25. Baron Rothschild resigned his seat for London, but was re-elected on the 3d July, by a large majority over Lord John Manners.

Protectionist meeting in Drury-lane Theatre, presided over by the Duke of Richmond. Lord Malmesbury, in moving one of the resolutions, said it was not too late yet to retrace steps so rashly taken in 1846. He hoped the time would never come when the free-trade theory would be consummated; "but should it please God in His anger that it should be effected, then would this great kingdom soon return to its normal and natural state--a weather-beaten island in a northern sea."

--

Sir William Molesworth's motion for an address to the Queen praying for the appointment of a commission to inquire into Colonial grievances rejected by 163 to 89 votes.

27.-Collision between the American mail steamer Europa, making for Liverpool, and the emigrant ship Charles Bartlett, on her outward Voyage. The occurrence took place in lat 50° 49′ N., long. 29° 30′ W., during a thick g. The Europa, steaming at the rate of teven or twelve knots an hour, struck the Charles Bartlett midway between the main and mizen masts, cutting her completely in two, and almost passing through the sinking halves. The damage sustained by the Europa was of the most trifling description. Her engines were mediately stopped, and the boats lowered to ve as many as possible out of the people on board the barque. Out of 176, only forty-two could be rescued, the ill-fated vessel, cut far below the water-mark, and heavily laden with lead, iron, and chalk, sinking rapidly. It was thought that not fewer than thirty people were crashed to death during the time the steamer kept pressing on the barque.

30.-At a meeting of the Society of Arts to-day, called by Prince Albert and held in Buckingham Palace, the Prince proposes that an Exhibition of the Works of All Nations be undertaken under their auspices, to be divided

into four sections: the first, raw materials and produce, illustrative of the natural productions in which human industry is employed; the second, machinery for agricultural, manufacturing, engineering, and other purposes, and mechanical inventions illustrative of the agents which human ingenuity brings to bear upon the products of nature; the third, manufactures illustrative of the results produced by the operation of human industry upon natural produce; the fourth, sculpture, models, and the plastic arts generally, illustrative of the skill displayed in such applications of human industry.

July 1. For the six months closing to-day the large sum of 22,000,000l. of foreign capital was invested in the English funds.

At an early hour this morning the French succeed in obtaining a footing within the walls of Rome. Four hundred of the garrison were bayoneted on the spot, and 230 taken prisoners. Thirteen pieces of artillery found in the bastion were spiked, and a heavy fire opened against other weak places in the walls. At 5 P.M. General Rosselli sent a despatch to General Oudinot : "The Assembly ceases a defence which has become impossible, and remains at its post. It charges the Triumvirate with the execution of its present decree. A suspension of hostilities was afterwards agreed upon, and General Oudinot entered the city at the head of his staff on the 3d.

2.-General Oudinot telegraphs to the French Minister of War: "The assault made on the night of the 30th produced the result I expected. Overtures of submission were made to me yesterday by a deputation of the Roman Municipality. The bastion No. 9 is occupied by our troops. The gates of San Paolo, Portese, and San Pancrazzio have just been opened to us. Measures have been adopted to ensure the occupation of the city with the greatest order. The discipline of our soldiers equals their valour." The key of one of the gates was sent to the Pope at Gaeta, who returned an answer congratulating the French General on his triumph over the enemies of human society.

The Hungarians defeated by a RussoAustrian force at Acz.

3. During the debate on O'Connor's motion relative to the Charter, Lord John Russell disclaimed ever having used to any person or in any debate the word "Finality," with which his name had become somehow associated. (See June 23, 1837.)

4.-The inhabitants of Capetown resolve in public meeting, "That the British Government had no right to degrade into a penal settlement the Cape of Good Hope, which became a portion of the British Empire by capitulation and cession from a friendly Power, and that all attempts so to injure and degrade it are unjust and tyrannical, and may be constitutionally