in every city abundance; but care should be taken, as they do in Paris, to run the balls solid. You cannot calculate on a hollow ball, and that might be the very one selected to shoot a field-officer." In the same number the following sentiments were expressed reto Paris: garding John O'Connell's visit

Let no man in France dream for one instant that this dastard, this born slave and beggar, represents Ireland, or is in any manner authorized to offer Ireland's arm in war to any nation, least of all to England. In the name of our country, we disavow the scandalous negotiator. It was not in Ireland's name that two weeks ago he sent round amongst those Parisians a dead man's hat-a posthumous begging-box-to crave alms for his country. It is not in Ireland's name he now dares to blaspheme the sacrificial blood poured out for freedom and for right. Ireland spurns him, and will yet curse the very name he bears. He is not fit to untie the latchet of the meanest citizen-soldier in Paris."

4.-Insurrection at Munich, and capture of the arsenal by the people. On the King yielding to their demands, the arms seized were restored, and the people dispersed in quiet

ness.

The funeral honours decreed by the Republic to the citizens slain in the late conflicts celebrated in Paris. The spectacle consisted of a procession from the Hôtel de Ville to the Madeleine, a performance of funeral rites at that church, a procession to the Place de la Bastille, and an interment of the dead in the vaults beneath the Column of July. The population turned out in myriads to witness the procession, which was partly composed of liberated political offenders and citizens wounded during the recent encounters. As the clergy of the Madeleine approached certain stations the Marseillaise was sung-the verses by female voices and the choruses by men--and the crowd uncovered till the cars containing the coffins passed.

6.-Disorderly gathering in Trafalgar-square, occasioned by a proposal to hold an open-air meeting there on the subject of the income

tax.

A small detachment of the A division of police was sent to break up and disperse the mob, but they met with vigorous resistance, and were ultimately compelled to retire to Scotland-yard. A body of 500 was thereafter sent out, which separated the mob into sections, and took the most mischievous of the leaders into custody. Shortly after six o'clock the police were withdrawn, but groups of noisy people continued to keep possession of the square; about eight o'clock it was found that their numbers were rapidly increasing and their conduct more threatening. The palisades around the Nelson column were taken down, and several of the public lamps destroyed. The police were again brought out in great force, and some sharp skirmishing took place, but the mob were ultimately driven back at every point. About

nine o'clock a youth in epaulettes, with a disorderly following of over 200, dashed through Pall Mall to St. James's Park; a good many windows, and also one of the large lamps at Buckingham Palace, were broken by this detachment. By midnight the city was in its usual state of order and quiet.

6.-Riot and loss of life in Glasgow. Under the pretence that they were starving and had been refused employment, a large mob col lected on the Green early in the day, and afterwards passed through Argyll-street, Buchananstreet, and Jamaica-street, to the south side of the city, breaking into several shops where they thought arms or more valuable plunder could be secured. The ordinary police force was quite unable to cope with the outbreak, and some delay unfortunately occurred before either infantry or cavalry could be brought to disperse the plundering mob. Emboldened by their success, and with the view of giving a political colour to their organized attack upon the peace and wealth of the city, the thieves attempted next day to stop certain mills at Bridgeton. After due warning they were here fired upon by a company of pensioners belonging to the city, and two or three of them killed. Baffled in their first design and excited with rage, the mob placed one of the bodies on a shutter and bore it through the streets, shouting "Murder' and "Vive la Republique." Detachments of the 3d Royal Irish Dragoons, with the 1st Royals and 71st Regiments, were now brought into the town, and their presence alone caused the riotous gatherings to melt away. military bivouacked in the streets for the night, but their active interference was not necessary. Riots of a similar character, but on a smaller scale and unattended with loss of life, took place in Edinburgh, Liverpool, and some other

The

The tubular bridge over the Conway Straits floated to its position between the abut

ments.

7.-Arrival at Portsmouth of large numbers of English workinen expelled from France. 8. The Elector of Hesse-Cassel concedes the reforms demanded by the people.

Second Exhibition of British Manufactures opened at the Society of Arts, Adelphi.

10. In the course of a discussion in Com mittee on Ways and Means, Mr. Disraeli, replying to Mr. Wilson of the Board of Trade, denied the success of Sir Robert Peel's com mercial policy. He, "a Freetrader but not a freebooter" of the Manchester school, warned Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright, the representatives of peace and plenty who preached to a starving world in arms, not to venture on middle-class legislation against realized property.

Complaint having been made by the French Provisional Government of the extreme kindness and regard shown by Great Britain towards the ex-royal family, Lord Palmerston writes to-day that the attention shown to the

King and his Ministers was "mere hospitality suitable to the occasion."

10. Confirmation of Dr. R. Bird Sumner Archbishop of Canterbury, in Bow Church.

11.-Report on the state of the national finances of France issued by M. Garnier-Pagès, Provisional Minister of Finance. The debt was set down at 5,179,644,730 francs, showing an increase of 912,329,328 francs in seven years. The Government decreed the sale of the Crown diamonds, the coining of the plate into money bearing a figure of Liberty, and the alienation of State forests to the extent of 100,000,000 francs.

12.-A colossal bust of Liberty carried by sculptors through Paris, and blessed by a priest.

13. Mr. Hume's amendment on the Government proposal, limiting the income-tax to one year, lost by a majority of 225.

M. Ledru-Rollin, Minister of the Interior in the New Provisional Government, issues a circular to the Local Commissioners showing them how to control the ensuing elections. 'Cause," he writes, "in all points of your department the meeting of electoral committees, examine closely the qualification of the candidates, and stop only at those who appear to present the strongest guarantee of republican opinion and the greatest chance of success. No compromises; no complaisance. Let the day of election be the triumph of the Revolution." The circular was so unconstitutional in character that it was at once repudiated by his colleagues.

· Chartist demonstration on Kennington Common. In anticipation of a disturbance a strong police force was posted in the neighbourhood, but its services were not required, the people dispersing in quietness earlier than was anticipated under the influence of heavy rain. Mr. Ernest Jones entreated his hearers not to "fear the vile men of the law, the police, the troops who sympathise with you, or the shopLeeping specials who turn pale at a crowd 4 three boys deliberating over an orange. Down with the Ministry; dissolve the Parliaent; the Charter, and no surrender."

The opening of the Diet of Lower Austria gualized by an outbreak in Vienna, which led to the resignation and flight of Metternich. The fighting, in which the students bore a prominent art, was continued over part of this day and aight, and was only stopped by the active interference of the Burgher Guard. "Tell me,' aid the Archduke Louis, irritated at one of the requests made by a deputation of students, "tell e who governs here, I, or the gentlemen at the University?" Dr. Schilling promptly replied: Up to this hour your Imperial High

ness has governed, that is certain; but who will govern an hour hence nobody can tell." Next morning the vacillating old Emperor issued a decree abolishing the censorship of the press and establishing a National Guard. 14.-The_Chinese junk Keying arrives at Jersey from Boston in twenty-one days.

The Pope issues a proclamation announcing the grant of a new Constitution, giving his people, among other benefits, a representative system, not merely consultative, but deliberative.

15.-Run on the Bank of France, leading to the suspension of cash payments, and a serious commercial panic, in which many old houses close their doors. Gouin and Co., Baudon and Co., and Gaunaron and Co., the three principal joint-stock bankers in Paris, were among those forced to suspend.

16.-Rupture of diplomatic relations with Spain. Lord Palmerston to Sir Henry LyttonBulwer, British Minister at Madrid :—“I have to instruct you to recommend earnestly to the Spanish Government and to the Queen-Mother, if you have an opportunity of doing so, the adoption of a legal and constitutional course of government in Spain. The recent downfall of the King of the French and of his family, and the expulsion of his Ministers, ought to indicate to the Spanish Court and Government the danger to which they expose themselves in endeavouring to govern a country in a manner opposed to the sentiments and opinions of the nation; and the catastrophe which has just occurred in France is sufficient to show that even a numerous and well-disciplined army offers only an insufficient defence of the Crown, when the system followed by it is not in harmony with the general system of the country. The Queen of Spain would act wisely, in the present critical state of affairs, if she were to strengthen her Executive Government by widening the basis on which the Administration reposes, and in calling to her councils some of the men in whom the Liberal party place con fidence." Sir Henry not only communicated the terms of this despatch to Queen Christina and the Duc de Sotomayor, but caused publication of it to be made in some of the Opposition journals. The head of the Ministry promptly replied: "The Cabinet cannot see without the most extreme surprise the extraordinary pretensions of Lord Palmerston to interfere with the internal affairs of Spain, and to support himself on inexact and equivocal data, the qualification and appreciation of which cannot in any case come within his province. Animated by sentiments suitable to Spanish dignity and to every Government which respects itself, the Cabinet of her Catholic Majesty cannot avoid protesting in the most energetic manner against the despatches of Lord Palmerston and of your Excellency; and considering that it cannot retain them without being wanting in dignity, it returns them enclosed, and at the same time declares that if your Excel

lency should, at any other time, in your official communications on points of international rights, go beyond the bounds of your mission, and interfere in the particular and private affairs of the Spanish Government, I shall consider myself under the painful necessity of returning your despatches without further remark." The result of this correspondence was, that on the 19th May the British Minister received his passports with a peremptory order to quit the kingdom in forty-eight hours, or sooner if possible, "for circumstances are urgent, and there would be much to lament if this took place too late."

17. The proposed extension of the incometax to Ireland negatived in the House of Commons by 218 votes to 138.

Great demonstration of labourers in Paris; the troops ordered to quit the capital. Discon tent general throughout the provinces.

In Milan the people rise against the Austrian troops, and succeed in overpowering the guard of the Government House. The fighting continued with little interval for nearly a week, when Marshal Radetzky retired from the city, and a Provisional Government was proclaimed. During the struggle small balloons were sent up from the battlements filled with proclamations designed to raise the people of the neighbourhood against the Austrians. They were also advised to destroy the bridges on the roads to Verona and Mantua, to prevent the arrival of reinforcements of artillery, which it was probable Marshal Radetzky would demand.

18. Bloody struggle at Berlin between the populace and military, on the occasion of assembling in the square before the Palace to hear the King's decree conceding the liberties asked for on the 13th. Above 100 were killed. The fighting had scarcely ceased when the King Issued a proclamation stating that his "faithful soldiers had only cleared the court-yard at a walking pace, with their weapons sheathed, and that the guns had gone off of themselves, without, thanks be to God, causing any injury."

At Buckingham Palace, this morning, at eight o'clock, the Queen was safely delivered of a daughter-the Princess Louisa.

The treason press of Ireland, waxing bolder by the immunity hitherto enjoyed from prosecution, now plainly state: "As for the warlike and treasonable articles in this (the United Irishman) newspaper, they will be steadily continued and improved upon, week after week, until they have produced their effect-the effect not of a street riot to disturb a peaceable meeting, but of a deliberate and universal armament to sweep this island clear of British butchers, and plant the green flag on Dublin Castle."

The King of Hanover accedes to the demands of a deputation from various states for Reform, including freedom of the press and an amnesty to all political offenders.

The inhabitants of Cracow proclaim a

Republic, after compelling the Government to release 400 political prisoners.

18.-Died at Cardiff Castle, aged 55, the Marquis of Bute.

19.-Vicenza and Padua in open insurrec

tion.

20.-Arming and equipment of the Garde Mobile in Paris; General Cavaignac appointed Minister of War.

Revolution at Modena; the Duke deposed and imprisoned.

Discussion on the Navy Estimates, and rejection of Mr. Hume's amendment for a reduction of the force, by 347 to 38 votes. Referring to the present condition of France, Mr. Henry Drummond expressed his distrust of all Ministries, especially such as were formed of poets and astronomers, and of counsels proceeding from any body of 900 illiterate paupers. He besought the House to reject the idea that naval establishments were all for the behoof of the genteel classes, and that the Throne could any more stand safely on cotton than the Queen could sit on spinning-jennies.

21.-The King of Bavaria, unable to bear up any longer against the indignation caused by the elevation of Lola Montez into a Countess, abdicates in favour of his son Maximilian-Joseph II. The new King opened the Chambers next day with a speech which was favourably received.

King Frederick William issues a proclamation annihilating the kingdom of Prussia, and declaring his intention of once more uniting Germany and taking it under his guidance in these moments of peril and anarchy. The proclamation was received with enthusiasm, and on the following day the King rode through Berlin, wearing the German national colours, escorted by half the population cheering him to the skies-the blood of his slain subjects hardly dried in the streets, and their bodies lying in state in all the churches. His Majesty made a declaration that he did not intend to dethrone any one German prince, did not wish for the Imperial Crown, and only wanted liberty, union, and good order in Germany.

Forgery of documents purporting to be "The Inedited Works of Lord Byron.' Α person describing himself as George Gordon Byron, son of the poet, having caused intimation to be made of the intended publication of a work containing Lord Byron's Letters, Journals, and other MSS., the solicitors of Lady Leigh, the poet's sister, to whom reference was made, write: "We have authority to say, and have evidence to prove, that Lord Byron's family never heard of his lordship's having any such son; that the editor is much better known by that excellent institution called 'The Society of Guardians for Protection of Trade' than by the family; that he never had any access whatever to any MS. in the possession of the poet's sister; and that no documents have been confided to him by any of the family."

25.-Holstein, incited by Prussian promises of support to the Duke of Augustenburg, declares itself independent of Denmark.

- Sir John Richardson and Dr. Rae leave Liverpool to commence an overland search for the missing Franklin expedition, concerning which much anxiety was now being felt.

-The United Irishman publishes a letter from John Mitchel to "The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, her Majesty's Executioner-General and General Butcher of Ireland." The epistle concludes: "I cannot Lelp repeating my congratulations to you on the fact that the Irish nation and the British Government are now finally at issue. Whichever field of battle you prefer, the Queen's Bench or the streets and fields-whichever weapon, packed juries or whetted sabres-I trust, I believe, you will now be stoutly met. One party or the other must absolutely yield; you must put us down, or we will put you down. I remain, my Lord, your Lordship's Fortal enemy," &c. &c. At a meeting of the Irish Confederation in the Music Hall, Dublin, Mitchel said he was sick with talking and writing. The time had come for something more effectual. He conjured them for the love of God to get guns. A decent rifle could be bought for 34.; but still, as many present could not afford to give that for a weapon, there was a simpler mode of obtaining a very effective one.

Let each man get a stout ash pole of seven feet in length, and let that be properly mounted. He was accused by the English Viceroy of writing sedition. He must tell them it was he who wrote the article called seditious, and he would write more sedition; nay, he would go further: it was his intention to commit high treason. He meant to call upon every one of those present to commit high treason; and unless they made up their minds to be slaves for ever, they must rise at an early day or early night, march through that Castle, and tear down that English flag.-The other speeches were of an equally inflammatory description.

26. Another insurrection at Madrid, in which about 200 persons are killed.

Dr. Hampden "consecrated" Bishop of Hereford in the chapel of Lambeth Palace."

The Emperor of Russia issues a manifesto to his subjects, warning them to beware of revolutionary agents on the German frontier.

27.-Came on for hearing at Exeter Assizes the case of the Queen v. Latimer, involving the question of a libel upon the Bishop of Exeter. The defendant, the proprietor of the Western Times newspaper, in commenting upon a dispute between the Bishop and the Duke of Somerset, described the former as a brawler and a conse crated and careless perverter of truth. He pleaded first that he was not guilty, and, second, justification. The jury found for the Crown upon the first issue, and for the defendant on the second. The verdict was received with shouts of applause, and in the evening great rejoicings took place in the city.

29.-The Paris mob attack the office of La Presse, but are repulsed by the energy of the editor, M. de Girardin.

30.-The whole country from the Po to the Alps of Tyrol in arms against Austria. Hungary also declared its independence to-day.

31. Two trading vessels in the British Channel, having hoisted the Irish national flag, were chased by a Government tender till the rebellious emblem was lowered.

In consequence of the incessant marching of deputations through the streets of Paris, the Provisional Government issue a proclamation advising the people to return to their work, and adopt their accustomed mode of life.

Died at Pelham Crescent, Brompton, the retreat of her distinguished son, Madame Guizot,

mother of the French ex-Premier, in her 85th year.

April 1.-The attempt of a band of French Republicans to invade Belgium frustrated at Quiévrain, where most of them were seized in the railway carriages and taken into custody.

Formation of insurrectionary rifle clubs in Ireland. Mitchel instructs the members: "Where bayonets cannot be had, we beg to remind all tenant-right-less farmers and ablebodied paupers, that a strong English reapinghook straightened, with the saw-edge ground sharp, and rounded, and a socket-hilt welded to the tang, makes a weapon which, when attached to a duck-gun or long fowling-piece, is as deadly as the pike and as complete as the bayonet. You can make it any length convenient to your purpose and the length of your barrel, from one foot to three. A scythe

blade, fixed by a welded socket-hilt on a half pike or shaft, becomes a weapon equally deadly. Such are the glorious faucheurs by which Poland avenged her slavery when she failed to win her freedom. Meantime the virtues of the hour are patience and perseverance to get guns and run bullets."

2.-Died, aged 65, Sir Samuel R. Meyrick, historian of ancient arms and armour.

3. Mr. Smith O'Brien and other members of the Irish Confederation deputation wait upon the French Provisional Government. M. Lamartine warned them not to expect the Republic to interfere in Irish grievances, as they wished to be on good terms, not with this or that part of Great Britain, but with Great Britain entire.

-

The Australian traveller Leichardt is heard of for the last time at McPherson station, Cogoon.

In the House of Lords, the Marquis of Lansdowne states that the King of Sardinia had acted towards Austria contrary to the advice of the British Government.

4. A National Convention of Chartist delegates commence their sittings in London, and organize a demonstration for the 10th. Ernest Jones spoke of the people as ready to fight; and Vernon went so far as to express a wish for a collision with the military. "If a few hundreds," he said, "did fall on each side, they would only be the casualties in a mighty movement." O'Brien advised that no step should be taken against the law till they were sure the people were stronger than the law.

5. The balances in the Exchequer up to this date for the preceding ten years were— 1839, 497,000l.; 1840, 1,007,000l.; 1841, 874,000l.; 1842, 857,000/.; 1843, 956,000!.; 1844, 2,235,000/.; 1845, 6,257,000l.; 1846, 6,507,000/.; 1847, 5,459,000l.; 1848 (January 5), 8,400,000l.

6.-Mr. Feargus O'Connor's motion for an address to the Queen, praying that she would be graciously pleased to extend her Royal pardon to Frost, Williams, and Johns, rejected by 91 votes to 23.

7. Sir George Grey introduces a bill for the better security of the Crown and Government of the United Kingdom, embracing within its scope all persons who sought to accomplish seditious ends by open and advised speaking. This measure, popularly known in Ireland as the " 'Gagging Act," was read a first time, after an animated discussion, by 283

votes to 24.

Lord Brougham applies to M. Crémieux, the French Minister of Justice, to be naturalized as a citizen of that kingdom, but departed from the intention on being informed that he would lose all the privileges and advantages which he enjoyed in England. Lord Brougham had previously made application to the mayor of Cannes to be brought forward as a candidate for the National Assembly.

8. The army of Charles-Albert forces the Austrian lines on the Mincio, and, crossing the Adige, takes up a position to the north of Verona, where Radetzky had moved his forces after withdrawing from Milan.

Died at Bergomo, his native place, aged 50, Gaetano Donizetti, composer of "Lucia de Lammermoor,' "Don Pasquale," and many other popular operas.

Mitchel again addresses the Lord Lieutenant: "As for me, my lord, your lordship's humble correspondent, you have been told that I am mad-a dangerous lunatic, labouring under cacoethes scribendi. Do not believe it: I am merely possessed with a rebellious spirit; and think I have a mission, to bear a hand in the final destruction of the bloody old British Empire,' the greedy carniverous old monster that has lain so long like a load upon the heart and limbs of England, and drank the blood and sucked the marrow from the bones of Ireland. Against that empire of hell a thousand ghosts of my slaughtered countrymen shriek nightly for vengeance; their blood cries continually from the ground for vengeance! vengeance! and Heaven has heard it.... Thank God, they are arming. Young men everywhere in Ireland begin to love the clear glancing of the steel, and to cherish their dainty rifles as the very apple of their They walk more proudly; they feel themselves more and more of men. Like the Prussian students (when the work had to be done for Prussia) they take the bright weapons to their hearts, and clasp their virgin swords like virgin brides."

eyes.

9.-The Danes defeated near Flensburg.

10.-Chartist demonstration on Kennington Common. This gathering was designed by the leading Chartists as a huge exhibition of the physical power of the class who had prepared a petition to the House of Commons