high qualities, intellectual and moral, which constitute finished excellence, as a man, a Christian, a divine, and a philosopher, he was, undoubtedly, one of the greatest and best men that have adorned this, or any other country, since the Apostolic age."

FOR FURTHER READING AND STUDY

Consult the general bibliography, page 609. Illustrative annotated selections from Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards are given on pages 403–422 of this volume.

Extracts from the minor writers will be found in Stedman and Hutchinson's "Library of American Literature," Cairns's "Early American Writers," Trent and Wells's "Colonial Prose and Poetry," Trent's" Southern Writers," MacDonald's "Documentary Source Book of American History" (1606-1898), and Albert B. Hart's "American History Told by Contemporaries," Vol. 11.

Franklin's "Autobiography," J. B. McMaster's "Benjamin Franklin" (American Men of Letters Series), J. T. Morse's "Benjamin Franklin " (American Statesmen Series), P. L. Ford's "The Many Sided Franklin," Miller's "Life of Jonathan Edwards and A. V. G. Allen's "Life of Jonathan Edwards." In Holmes's "Pages from an Old Volume of Life" will be found an interesting essay on Edwards. Refer to Poole's "Index to Periodical Literature" for numerous magazine and review articles.

For the historical background consult the standard American histories. In addition to the works of Fiske and Lodge previously mentioned (p. 37), Fiske's "The Colonial Era" (Scribners), Thwaites's "The Colonies" (Longmans), and Doyle's "English Colonies in America " (Holt) are recommended.

The following poems deal with incidents of this period: Thos. Dunn English's "The Sack of Deerfield," Longfellow's "Ballad. of the French Fleet," and Whittier's "Prophecy of Samuel Sewall."

Historical fiction illustrating the Second Colonial Period: Mary Johnston's "Audrey" (1727), William Gilmore Simms's

"The Yemassee " (1715), Amelia E. Barr's "The Bow of Orange Ribbon" (1706), James Fenimore Cooper's "The LeatherStocking Tales" (1750-60), Wm. M. Thackeray's "The Virginians" (1756-83), John Esten Cooke's "The Virginia Comedians" (1763-65), and R. W. Chambers's "Cardigan " (1744-73).

JOHN TRUMBULL (1750-1831). Born in Connecticut, and graduated at Yale. Wrote essays in the style of the Spectator, and in 1782 completed "McFingal," a satire upon the Tories in the manner of Butler's "Hudibras." (See text.)

JOEL BARLOW (1754-1812). Poet and politician, born in Connecticut. In 1787 he published an epic poem entitled “The Vision of Columbus," which appeared anew in revised form in 1805 under the title of "The Columbiad.” It is a dull epic, but his "Hasty Pudding" is still readable. Ambassador to France in 1811. (See text.)

TIMOTHY DWIGHT (1752-1817). President of Yale College from 1795 to the time of his death. A theologian whose works are still instructive. He wrote the hymn, "I love Thy Kingdom, Lord," and the patriotic song "Columbia, Columbia, to Glory Arise."

JOHN ADAMS (1735-1826). Born in Massachusetts. A statesman of great ability; ambassador to England in 1785, and second President of the United States in 1797. He published an elaborate "Defense of the Constitution of the United States" (3 vols.) in London in 1787.

MRS. SUSANNA Rowson (1762–1824). A novelist of English birth, residing in Boston. Her "Charlotte Temple" was the most popular story of its day. Besides a half dozen novels, she wrote several dramatic pieces.

PHILLIS WHEATLEY (1753-1794). A verse writer of African birth. Brought to this country as a slave, she was purchased by Mrs. Wheatley of Boston, by whom she was well educated. Her "Poems on Various Subjects" were published in London in 1773, and gained a temporary popularity.

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MIDDLE STATES

CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN (1771-1810). The first American novelist. Born in Philadelphia. He studied law, but abandoned it for literature. He wrote, "Wieland," "Ormond," and "Arthur Mervyn," all of which are characterized by imaginative and sometimes weird ingenuity. (See text.) FRANCIS HOPKINSON (1737-1791). A lawyer and politician, born in Philadelphia. One of the first graduates of the College of Philadelphia, afterwards the University of Pennsylvania. One of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He wrote many satires, the best known of which is "The Battle of the Kegs."

JOSEPH HOPKINSON (1770-1842). A distinguished lawyer. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, and was a member of Congress in 1815-1819. He is best known as the author of “Hail Columbia,” which was written for the benefit of a player at a Philadelphia theatre. PHILIP FRENEAU (1752-1832). A poet, editor, and political writer, born in New York and educated at the College of New Jersey. Edited several papers, among which were the N. Y. Daily Advertiser and the National Gazette of Philadelphia. He published several volumes of poems, of which "Lines to a Wild Honeysuckle" and "The Indian Burying Ground" are regarded the best. (See text.)

THOMAS PAINE (1737-1809). A native of England, who came to Philadelphia in 1774. His pamphlet entitled "Common Sense," an able defence of the American Colonies, won him the friendship of Washington, Franklin, and other distinguished American leaders. His "Rights of Man" (1791) is an eloquent defence of the French Revolution. "The Age of Reason," written while in a French prison, favors Deism.

HUGH HENRY BRACKENRIDGE (1748-1816). A lawyer and humorist of Philadelphia, whose works were quite popular in their day. "Modern Chivalry" was his principal work, though he wrote a dramatic poem, "Bunker's Hill," and a few lyrics.

ALEXANDER WILSON (1766-1813). A Scottish poet and ornithologist, who came to this country in 1794. His narrative poem, "Watty and Meg," had in its day an immense vogue 100,000 copies sold in a few weeks. But his principal work is "American Ornithology."

JAMES MADISON (1751-1836). A great statesman and political writer. He

was Secretary of State under Jefferson, and in 1809 became President. One of the authors of "The Federalist."