often do not create so good a revenue
as moderate, ji. 481; on luxuries,
obstruct industry, ii. 495 ; annual, of
land and malt, anticipated, ii. 512;

new, murmured at, ii. 521.
Taxgatherer, examination of, odious, ii.

417; visits of, odious, ii. 497.
Tea, a drug little known in seventeenth

century, -its present imports, i. 215;
imported despite of sanguinary laws,

price of, ii. 8.
Teachers, low payments of, i. 140; effects

of endowments on, ii. 345 ; private,
low status of, and why, ii. 363; most

able men of antiquity were, ii. 398.
Temporary statutes, necessity of, proves

impropriety of general one, ii, 113.
Tenancies, small, benefit of, i. 419.
Tenant, cannot improve when landlord

does not, ii. 528.
Tenants, in England, trust to honour of

landlords, i. 394; on lease, indepen-

dent, i. 417.
Tender, legal, in England, i. 41.
Tenure, noble and base, land-tax on, in

Prussia, ii. 425; ignoble, taxes on, ii.
Territory, acquisition of new, may raise

profits, i. 98 and note.
Teutonic order, land-tax of cominan-

deries of, ii. 425.
Thales, school of, established in Asia, ii.

146.
Theocritus, quoted as to low earnings of

fishermen, i. 105.
Theognis, verses of, their object, ii. 35.3.
Theology, physics male inferior to, in

Europe, ii. 355.
Thom, William, his record of prices in

1309, i. 188.
Thornton, Mr., on peasant proprietors,

i. 419 note.
Thucydides, on relations of colonies and

mother country, ii. 135 note; on power
of Scythians, ii. 276; on invasions of
Attica, cited, ii. 277; on use of linen,

ii. 466 note.
Tillaye, effects of bounty on, i. 208 ; sup-

posed to be encouraged by bounty, ii.

82.
Timaeus, quoted by Pliny, i. 25.
Timber, value of, in America, raised, ii.

161; American, bounty on, ii. 229.
Time, saving of, in division of labour,

448.

Tobacco, use of, as money, i. 24; culti-

vation of, i. 167; produce of Virginia,
i. 374; amount of, annually exported ;
consumption in Great Britain, i. 378 ;
can be cultivated by slaves, and why,
i. 392; exports and imports of, ii. 7+;
policy of Portugal about, ii. 163;
effects of restraint on trade in, ii. 176;
farm of, in France, ii. 502 ; to proper
object of taxation, ii. 538; a currency

in tobacco colonice, ii. 5+3.
Tobacco pipe clay, exportatiou of, for.

bidden, ii. 238.
Tobago, a new acquisition, ii. 545.
Tolls, payment of, who defrays, ii. 307 ;

never should be private property, ii.
309; on turnpikes, amount of, ii. 310
and note ; levy of, effect of, on com-

merce, ii: 492.
Tonnage, European, with India, i. 216.
Tonnage, imposition of, ii. 476.
Tonnage bounty, on herring busses, ii. 93 ;

leads to fraud, charges of, ii. 95 ;

amount of, ii. 121,
Tonquin, vessels of, at Batavia, ii. 219.
Tontines, a form of life annuity, ii. 517.
Tot, M., Du, cited, i. 318.
Toulouse, judges in Parliament of, thicir

salaries, ii. 302.
Tower pound, its weight, i. 27 and note.
Town, stock needed in, greater than in

village, i. 9t; draws its subsistence
froin country in two ways, i. 131; coin-
merce between, and country, i. 381 ;
a continual fair at market, i. 384; effect

of, upon industry of a country, ii. 262.
Town and country, prices in, i. 118.
Towns, some industries peculiar to, i. 18;

great, corn dear in, i. 201 and role ;
favoured after fall of Roman empire, i.

398.
Trade, differences of, in large and small

towns, i. 119; profit of, i. 131; for-
tunes gained in, i. 132; wholesale, kinds
of, i. 372 ; each kind of, when advan-
tageous, i. 377 ; gain of, mutual and
reciprocal, i. 381 ; freedom of, supplies
with wino, wliy not with gold, ii. 7;
voluntary, always advantageous to
both, ii. 63; supported by bounty,
losing, ii. 91 ; how great branches of,
can be naturally carried on, ii. 217;
protection of, may justify a tax, ii. 316;
in land, in Great Britain nearly free,
ii. 498; thought disgraceful in a land.

holder, ii. 507.
Trade, Board of, its control of Com.

panies, ii. 319.
Trade, carrying, employment of capital

in, i. 376; effect of great wealth, i.
378 and note.

i. 10.

Tin, sixth part of produce, rent of, i.

179; mining for, customs of, i. 181.
Title, hindrance of, to cultivation, i. 393;

a real land-tax, ii. 399; character of,

unequal, ii. 428.
Tithes, not known in colonies, ii. 154.

Tribunes, stock argument of, ii. 136.
Triclinaria, price of, ii. 270.

Troll, Archbishop of Upsal, his tyranny,
ii. 392.

Troyes, fair of, i. 27.

Truck system, i. 150 and note.
Trust, affects wages, i. 110.

Trustees of turnpike roads recently in-
stituted, ii. 309.

Tudors, vigorous administration of, i. 195.
Tumbrel and Pillory, statute of, i. 194.
Turdi, feeding of, by Romans, i. 235.
Turgot, M., his Distribution of Wealth,'

·

I

i. note; his opinion on rent, i. 151
note; on comparative advantages of
different trades, ii. 26 note; on divi-
sion of industry, ii. 248 note.
Turkey, hoarding in, i. 282.

Turkey and Russia, peace between, ii.
188.

Turkey Company, fine for admission to,
ii. 318.

Turks, Mamelukes and Venetians ene-
mies of, ii. 137.

Turnips, price of, i. 82.

Turnpike roads, extension of, resisted by
counties near London, i. 156.
Turnpike tolls, what would be the effect
if they became a resource of Govern-
ment, ii. 492.

Turnpikes in Great Britain, management
of, ii. 309.

Twelve Tables, laws of, studied, ii. 361.
Tyler, his rebellion, ii. 451 note.
Two and two, sum of, in customs, not
four, but often one, ii. 478.

·

Tyrrell, his History of England' cited,
ii. 298 note.

U.

Unproductive expenditure, little of, in

new colonies, ii. 145 note.
Unproductive labour, meaning of, i. 332

and note.
Unwholesomeness, compensated by in-

creased wages, i. 115.
Upholsterers, let out furniture as their

capital, i. 278.
Use, economical meanings of, i, 29 and

note.
Ustaritz, on the Alcalvala of Spain, ii.

498.
Usurpers, why hated, ii. 296.
Usury, prohibited and disgraceful, ii.

507
Utensils in manufactures, exportation

of, prohibited, ii. 243.
Utility, partly cause of value of precious

metals, i. 182 ; sacrifice of justice to, ii.
116; cause of ancient colonisation, ii.
137.

land in, ii. 420 ; enfeebled by funding

system, ii. 529.
Venison, price of, in England, i. 235.
Verjuice, taxes on, ii. 488.
Verney, M. Du, cited, i. 318 and note.
Versailles, an ornament to France, i. 351.
Vicesima hereditatum, Roman tax, ii.

454
Villenage, extinction of, i. 392 ; last

traces of, i. 401 note.
Vine, great varieties of, i. 165.
Vinegar, tax on, ii. 488.
Vineyard, doubtful whether advantageous

to plant, i. 163.
Vineyards, French, rents of, i. 64.
Vingtième, French, nature of, ii. 452.
Virginia, cultivates tobacco, i. 167;

drawbacks of, ii. 74 ; expense of

government in, ii. 154.
Visiapour, diamond mines of, i. 183.
Voltaire, on professors in French uni-

versities, ii. 398.
Vulgate, Latin, its authority, ii. 352.

V.

W.

prevent the war of 1739, ii. 198 note;
excise scheme of, ii. 483.
War, unsuccessful, its effects on banking
and paper money, i. 322; effects of, on
commerce, i. 483; number of persons
discharged at end of, ii. 43; art of, its
effects, in expense, ii. 278; art of,
noble, but complicated, ii. 280; ex-
pense of, great, in modern times, ii. 409.
War, Seven Years', a colony quarrel, íi.
197.
War, Spanish, of 1739, chiefly a colony
quarrel, ii. 197.

Warden, Mr. A., his work on the linen
trade, i. 95 note, ii. 466 note.
Warehouse, rent of, for gold, ii. 56.
Warehouse, bonded, for corn, by 13
Geo. III, ii. 119.
Warehouses, bonded, system of, recom-
mended, ii. 482.

Warrants, general, clamour against, i.
149.

Wars, cost of, i. 348.

Warwick, Earl of, his hospitality, i. 411.
Watch-cases, exportation of, prohibited,
ii. 239.

Watch making, can be learned without
long apprenticeship, i. 129.
Watches, fall in price of, i. 257.
Water-mills, not known in England at
beginning of sixteenth century, i. 260
and note.

Way, money a high-, banking a waggon-
way in air, i. 322.

Wealth, is power according to Hobbes, i.
31; if stationary, wages are not high,
i. 74; that it increases with silver, an
error, i. 199; increase of, necessitates
an increase of precious metals, ib.;
land, the, of a country, i. 254 and note ;
thought to consist in money, ii. 1;
consists, not in money, but in goods,
ii. 10; of foreigners, advantageous in
peace, ii. 69; great, an excuse for
great folly, ii. 98; true, encouraged
by encouragement of population and
improvement, ii. 146; disposition of,
according to Economists, ii. 256; pro-
vokes aggression, ii. 281; growth of,
how it caused the downfall of the
Church, ii. 389.

Weaver, three or four spinners needed to
one, ii. 227.
'Weigh and pay,' rule of London port,
ii. 184.

Weighing gold, custom of, ii. 131.
West of England, clothiers of, in seven-
teenth century, ii. 318.

West Indies, trade of, considered by
some politicians to be advantageous, ii.
544. See Indies.

VOL. II.

Westminster, land-tax assessment in, ii.

444.
Westminster Hall, dining-room of Rufus,
i. 411.
Whale fishery, bounty on, ii. 92 note;
British, unprofitable character of, ii.
158; of South Sea Company, its losses,
ii. 330.

Wheat, price of, in 1601-12, 1757-64, i.
161 note; price of, in 1350, i. 187 and
note; exportation of, restricted, i. 190;
dearer in Scotland than in England,
i. 200; prices of, 1595-1620, i. 203
note; price of, in Rome, i. 229; price
of, never yet 80s., ii. 113.
Wheel, great, of circulation, money, i.
287, 200.

Whites, condition of lowest in the Plant-
ations, mostly superior to that of
English poor, ii. 541.

Wilberforce, Mr., his 'Social Life in
Munich,' quoted, i. 65 note, i. 127

note.
William III, unable to refuse the country
gentlemen anything, i. 208; degenc-
racy of currency in time of, ii. 50; re-
coinage in time of, ii. 512; mode of
borrowing in times of, ii. 513; in time
of, annuities created, ii. 516.
Wills and legacies, tax on, ii. 454 note.
Wilton, an ornament to England, i. 351.
Windmills, not known in beginning of

the sixteenth century, i. 260 and

note.

Window-tax, establishment of, ii. 439.
Wine, could be raised in Scotland at a
thirtyfold expense, ii. 31; duties on,
what if taken away, ii. 67; cheapness
of, cause of sobriety, ib.
Wine, French, trade of hardware for, ii.

12.

Wine, Madeira, how it became popular,
ii. 76.
Wine, trade of, in France, subject to re-
straints, ii. 500.

Wines, choice, effects of tax on, ii. 490.
Wisdom, deliberate, the Navigation Laws,
ii. 37.

Witchcraft, fear of engrossing and fore-
stalling like fear of, ii. 111.
Wolverhampton, not affected by appren
ticeship statutes, i. 127.
Wombs, beaver, duties on, ii. 242.
Women, in Scotland, their fecundity, i.

83; among Tartars, fight, ii. 275;
education of, good, ii. 364.

Wood, almost valueless in Scotch High-
lands, i. 173; fire, price of, i. 176;
planting, as advantageous as corn or
pasture, i. 177.

Wool, English, trade in, i. 173 and note;

૨ ૧

ii. 227.

• Workhouse,' terin used for factory or

workshop, i. 5.
Workmen, get best discipline from their

customers, i. 136; capital of, i. 364;
advantageous to, that trailes should be
frue, ii. 67.

Y.
Yams, plant of New World, ii. 139.
Yarn, linen, iroportation of, encouraged,
Year 1740, great scarcity of, i. 91; 1309,

prices of, i. 189 note; 1761, expense

of, ii. 17.
Yeomanry, inferior class in Europe, i.

397; prosperity of, i. 421 and note.
York and Lancaster, contrast of wealth

at end of wars of, and at Norman Con-
quest, i. 347
Yorkshire, linen manufacture of, i. 89;

paper currencies of, i. 328.
Young, Arthur, his prices of labour, i. 79
note; on small tenuncies, i. 419 nute.

2.
Zama, battle of, and armies engaged iu,

ii. 286.
Zeal of religious teachers, when dan.

gorous, ii. 377.
Zealand, expense of, to keep out the sea,
Zeno, of Citta, teaching of, ii. 360 ;

founder of Stoics, ii. 361.
Zuinglius, followers of, their policy, ii.

394
Zurich, establishment of Reformation in,

ii. 392 ; incomo-tax in, ii. 445.

ji. 505