To Make a Poet Black

American Negro antislavery artistic audience bitter bondage Book of American Booker Boston Caroling Dusk characters Chesnutt Claude McKay Clotel color line Conjure Woman Countee Cullen creative Darkwater death dialect pieces DuBois emotional escaped expression feel fiction Frederick Douglass freedom Gonna Harper heart Hope of Liberty Horton humor ibid James Weldon Johnson Jessie Fauset Jupiter Hammon Knopf Langston Hughes language later literary lived master material Memphis MICHIGAN LIBRARIES Miss Watkins Miss Wheatley Narrative Negro literature Negro poets Negro writers never Nigger Heaven North novel numbers Philadelphia Phillis Wheatley POET BLACK poetic poetry problem propaganda prose published racial Rudolph Fisher Sandy Star seems sense short stories sing slave slavery social songs South Southern Home Southern Road speeches spiritual Star and Willie thee thing Thou thought tion Toomer truth UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN verse volume Weh Down Souf white America William Wells Brown Willie Gee wrote York