Constitutional Interpretation, Volume 1

action activities Amendment appellate applied appointment appropriate argued argument authority branch challenge Chief Justice citizens claim Clause commerce commission Committee concerning concluded Congress considered Constitution contract controversy decide decision defendant determine direct dissenting District Court duty economic effect enacted enforce equal established evidence executive exercise existence fact federal force function given grant held hold House important independent individual interest interstate commerce involved issue judges judgment judicial judiciary jurisdiction Justice land legislative legislature limited majority matter means ment military nature necessary operation opinion particular party passed person political practice present President presidential principle problem prohibition protection question reason regulation relation removal respect respondents result rule S.Ct Senate specific standing statute Supreme Court tion United validity violation vote