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capital, he served society. At one time in economic development, when capital was scarce, that contention may have been sound. To-day, however, the owner of capital is paid, not for his services, but for his property ownership. The recipients of property income need render no service, and many who receive property incomes have never rendered an iota of service to society.

The income-yielding property owners, who are themselves performing no service for society, comment in these terms upon the man who carries, and the woman who spins thread -"they receive all that they are worth."

If

The matter may be more clearly stated in a number of contrasts. a man, giving the best of his energy and the best of his life, for ten hours a day, 300 days a year, is worth $500, how much is a man worth who has been living for thirty-five years on the income from his father's estate? If a woman standing all day behind the counter in a department store is worth $350 a year, how much is the woman worth who has lived all her life on the earnings of her father and her husband, and who now, in pursuit of her own luxurious tastes, comes to buy laces from the girl who is worth $350 a year? The ordinary processes of logic do not leave to the son of his father, and the wife of her husband, a very broad economic basis for existence. Their worth is already in alge braic form-a minus quantity equal to the sum of what they have consumed during their lives. They are an economic burden, and every day they live throws them deeper into the debt of the society which supports them.

A brief study of facts and definitions will convince the reader that when a man says of the ballast-shifter -"He gets $10 a week, because that is all he is worth," he really means"he gets $10 a week, because he is not in a position to demand more." The criterion for income-sharing is "power," and not "worth." The open

sesame to property income is power over property. A man who is worthless and even vicious may hold lard and draw from it, or he may hold capital and secure interest on it. He derives his income from his powerthe power of property ownership.

Those who depend upon property income for their existence would do well to ponder the difference. Power is not worth. It is less secure, more ephemeral, and it will bear more careful guarding.

Be

The recipients of property income are the beneficiaries of power. hind them they have constitutions, laws, customs, beliefs, philosophies, practices and conventionalities that are ages old. They draw upon the resources of a system of social organization that has been evolving with the evolution of civilization. Their economic advantage is the direct outcome of the repressive coercive activities of vested interests all through the ages. They constitute one generation in their lineal descent of exploiters—monarchs, landlords, slaveowners, capitalists, and all of those who have devised neans of living at the expense of the toil of their fellows. Those who receive incomes from property rights hold their titles and draw their incomes out of the struggles which the propertied class have waged, and thus far successfully, to keep in their hands the power to tax the labor of mankind. In view of these facts, the term "worth" should be abandoned, and "power' substituted in all discussions of the apportionment of income.

NO ENEMY.

He has no enemy, you say;
My friend, your boast is poor,
He who hath mingled in the fray
Of duty that the brave endure
Must have made foes. If he has none
Small is the work that he has done.
He has hit no traitor on the hip;
Has cast no cup from perjured lip;
Has never turned the wrong to right;
Has been a coward in the fight.

-Ex.

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Table of Equation of Pipes

Standard Steam and Gas Pipes

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101

7 1,707 656 226 8 2,435 936 322 44.5 23.8 14.3 6.48 3.54 2.18 1.43 9 3,335 1,281 440 137 60.8 32.5 19.5 8.85 4.85 2.98 10 4,393 1,688 582 181 80.4 42.9 25.8 11.7 6.40 11 5,642 2,168 747 233 103 55.1 33:1 15.0 8.22 5.05 3.31 12 7,087 2,723 938 293 129 69.2 41.6 18.8 10.3 6.34 4.15

70.5 31.2 16.6 10.0 4.54 2.49 1.51

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1.95

1.37

1.41

1.71

2.14

3.93 2.57

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This table gives the number of pipes of one size required to equal in delivery other larger pipes of same length and under same conditions. The upper portion above the diagonal line pertains to "Standard" steam and gas pipes, while the lower portion is for pipes of the actual internal diameter given The figure given in the table opposite the intersection of any two sizes is the number of the smaller sized pipes required to equal one of the larger. Thus, it requires 29 standard 2 inch pipes to equal one standard 7 inch pipe.

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Causes of New York Street Car Strike

New York, Oct. In a public letter addressed to President Shonts of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, whose employes are now on strike, a score of well-known citizens ask:

"Is it true that 14,000 workers who give their lives to this service have no real voice regarding the conditions under which they work, and no means of independent, organized protest against any conditions which their employers have seen fit to impose? A court of arbitration would answer this to the satisfaction of the public.

"Is it true that legalistic intricacies were employed to destroy the contract entered into by the men in good faith? We are told that the conditions which have led to the street railway strike are of long standing; that the street railway employes are paid a lower scale of wages in this city, despite its high cost of living, than in any other large city in America; that the men are compelled to work seven days in the week, 365 days in the year; that they have no day that they call their own, because the traction schedule necessitates seven days in the week work, even to approximate a living wage.

"It is affirmed that the companies have, in effect, declared war on trade unionism; that they subject the men to the degradation of a spy system; that the men have not been at liberty, according to the concepts of a free people, to gather together to discuss their conditions without fear of dismissal. We are told that fear, coercion and espionage form part of the system of union breaking which the company has employed for years. In proof of this assertion, rule No. 23 of the company's general book of rules is cited: 'Any employe disapproving of the regulations adopted for his government or not disposed to aid in their enforce

ment, is expected to resign or he will be discharged.'

"We feel that we have a right to insist that a full knowledge of these conditions should be laid before the public, which is a partner in the transportation business of New York. The public owns the streets, it owns the subways, it advanced the credit with which they were built. The conditions under which men work on the transit lines are, therefore, vitally a matter of public concern.

"On behalf of the strikers it is affirmed that the companies apparently admitted the right to organize in the accepted trade union sense, a right which all justice-loving people agree is an indispensable right of labor, if it is to protect itself, but that even while ostensibly agreeing to independent organization, the companies, through the silent pressure of intimidation, forced the men individually to sign private contracts which, in effect, robbed them of industrial liberty and destroyed every right to be secured for them through independent organization.

"We want to know the facts. Are the traction companies guilty of an actual breach of the agreement of August 6, which the men were constrained technically to violate when they became aware of their danger? Was this technical violation subsequent to and a sequel to the companies' graver violation of the spirit of the agreement?

"Were the men trapped into a minor violation of the agreement which the company has previously torn to tatters? Is it true that a semblance of the right to organize was offered the men in the guise of the 'brotherhood,' an organization temporarily effected under the joint coercion of spy system and philanthropy? All these facts we feel we have a right to know not from you, nor from any one man personally, but through an impartial tribunal of arbitration."

The

which he unlocked the doors of Washington on behalf of the city adminis

Elevator Constructor tration and threw the keys away.

Published Monthly at Perry Building

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Thos. J. Williams, President of the Building Trades Department, then made a stirring address to the delegates.

President Murphy then took the gavel, and on behalf of our International Union thanked the previous speakers for their splendid addresses, and urged upon the delegates the necessity of their co-operation in enacting laws which will redound to their credit and thus make this, the ninth convention (third triennial), the banner one of our International Union.

The lack of space in the Journal will not permit of a resume of the entire proceedings of the convention. We can briefly state, however, that many matters of importance and interest were brought before the delegates for consideration.

The entire proceedings will be printed in detail and be forwarded to the local unions.

The following officers have been elected for the ensuing term:

President-Frank Feeney, Philadelphia, Pa.

First vice-president-John C. McDonald, Local No. 4, Boston, Mass. Second vice-president-Ed Smith, Local No. 1, New York, N. Y. Third vice-president-Walter Snow, Local No. 2, Chicago, Ill.

Fourth vice-president-E. H. Large, Local No. 34, Indianapolis, Ind.

Fifth vice-president-H. D. Rowan, Local No. 6, Pittsburgh, Pa.

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