the superintendent decided to build an elevator. Several merchants had heard about the elevator, and after seeing it operated had Mr. Otis build elevators in their places.

Building elevators seemed more profitable than building beds, so he opened a factory at Yonkers for building elevators in 1854. The first successful electric elevator was installed in 1889 in the Demarest Building at the northeast corner of

Fifth Avenue and Thirty-third Street. Several electric lifts had been successful.

It was not until 1906 that the next great step in elevator development was made. In that year in New York and at Washington two elevatorsone a geared traction lift and the other a gearless car-were installed. The geared car was in the Washington Loan and Trust Company and the gearless in Wall Street.

WATCH YOUR STEP

Here are a few leap year "dont's' given by a phrenologist to guide the lowly man should he be tagged "it" by one of the other sex. "Don't marry a woman," he advises, "whose mouth is set in deep round lines. Such a woman will have too much of a will of her own. Don't marry a woman with a line running down one side of her mouth to her chin. Such a woman will be cranky. She will have opinions. Don't marry a woman whose mouth lines are heavy and whose upper lip is long. This means selfishness. The prominent mouth and the retreating chin in all cases mean that a woman is looking out for herself and her own interests. Don't marry a woman whose lines are like spider webs inclosing the mouth as in a network. This means that the woman is a worrier."

DEATHS IN INDUSTRY SHOWN

Sacramento, Cal.-The report of the State Industrial Accident Commission sounds like a report from one of the European battle fronts. It is shown that during 1914 the number of accidents in industries in this State was 62,211, of which 678 were fatal and 1,292 were injuries of a permanent nature.

"With the exception of Sundays and holidays, two of California's workmen may prepare every morning to have some one return them to their homes for burial," says the report.

"About twice this number must make application each day to the surgeon for the elimination of parts of their bodies that can no longer serve them. Not a few die of poisonous gas and many suffer shocks which destroy their nervous systems."

THE EFFECT OF RICHES UPON THE RICH

Let us first consider the effect of riches upon the rich. First, it destroys initiative. All people have a natural creative impulse, a demand for self-expression, and the stimulus to that, with the resulting activity, develops the individual.

You grow by activity, your will and your faculties, and activity depends on incentive. The first thing that riches do is to take away the incentive to work, especially in the second generation. It leads to inactivity, to defective social intelligence, moral fibre, lack of initiative and ambition.

If there is one handicap in college it is wealth. I'd rather have a boy come to college under any other handicap.

We cannot serve Mammon. That way leads to physical, spiritual and social death. Poverty and riches have both got to go.

What we, as a nation, want to work out is a system that wil give us the largest number of happy and healthy human beings-Prof. Scoot Nearing.

LADY ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS

NO. 1

I have just finished looking over minutes of our last club meeting and thought it as good a time as any to write a few lines for the Journal.

Our treasurer, Mrs. O. Johnson, was unable to attend our meeting on account of an auto accident, said auto having run into her little sixyear-old daughter and bruising her up to what extent was not known. Mr. Johnson had the misfortune to have his foot crushed by something falling on it some two weeks ago. In the case of the child being hurt the club, instead of sending flowers, will each send a postal card, and as many as can will call.

At last the women of the different locals are beginning to wake up! I am in receipt of a letter from one of the wives of Local 32, in Atlanta, Ga., saying they wished to start a club and asking particulars about No. 1. We were glad to hear this and hope that more cities will follow suit. This makes the extreme North and South. Now if Philadelphia and San Francisco would only get busy there would be the extreme East and West. We expect it of Philadelphia

anyway.

The Editor has suggested the name "Lady Elevator Constructors" to apply to the International auxiliary. It sounds pretty good to us. We haven't used it yet, but suppose we will after the organization of the auxiliary.

Some years ago one of our largest stores, after agreeing to hire nothing but union men on building alterations, decided, for some reason, to use non-union men on putting in new elevators. The store was declared unfair and union men and families requested to trade elsewhere. A year

afterward the store was ready and anxious to live up to their agreement, having lost enough union trade to make it very uncomfortable, and according to reports it run them very close to the wall. And yet I dare say lots of union trade went there because the wives and children were uninterested and could get some excellent bargains by doing so. That is why I think there should be an auxiliary. Then the wives would stay away from an unfair concern, not because hubby said so, but because they wanted to.

Well, I have said enough-more perhaps than I ought-but before I lay down my pen I want to greet the new club, even though I may be premature in so doing. This greeting is from the whole club here.

MRS. F. PIERCE, Secretary.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Who is not glad when the first warm days come and the earth wakes up from her long winter's sleep?

Each swelling bud, each singing bird, each blade of grass, even the scent of the upturned soil, add to our joy at springtime. We see a marvelous resurrection of vegetable life, the chrysalis becomes a butterfly, the egg a singing, swift-winged bird; out of the brown earth the lily springs pure and fragrant. Nothing is lost; it may be transformed, but all matter still serves God's good purpose.

This corruptible must put on incorruption and this mortal must put on immortality.

We like to think that all these beautiful tokens of returning spring are intended by our Heavenly Father to make us remember another blessed promise that was carried out one

The great want of this age is men. Men who are not for sale; men who are honest, sound from centre to circumference, true to the heart's core; men who will condemn wrong in friend or foe-in themselves as well as others. Men whose consciences are steady as the needle to the pole; men who will stand for the right if the heavens totter and the earth reels; men who can tell the truth and look the truth, and look the world and the devil right in the eye; men that neither brag nor run; men that neither flag nor flinch; men who can have courage without whistling for it, and joy without shouting to bring it; men too large for sectarian limits and too strong for sectarian bonds; men who do not strive, nor cry nor cause their voices to be heard in the streets, but who will not fail nor be discouraged until judgment be set on earth; men who know their duty and do it; men who know their place and fill it; men who mind their own business; men who will not lie; men who are not too lazy to work nor too proud to be poor.

Trade has improved somewhat during the past month. Practically all our members are working and the prospects for a good season's work are bright. Brothers Feeney and Chas. Fisher were elected to attend the annual convention of the Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor, to be held

In perusing the March Journal we note that the other locals are having better times than No. 6, with the possible exception of Birmingham, Ala. This city is not finished yet and never will be. There are the sounds of millions of hammers and revolving spindles continually turning out the necessities of life, but for the most part machines for the destruction of life, "War Munitions." The iron industry of the Pittsburgh district is attracting the attention of the enire world. In view of the fact that the factories are swamped wih orders and are constantly advancing prices, they are not paying the laborer any increase in wages. A few men in the shell departments are making big money on piecework, but the laborer sticks to the same old rut, with a possible 5 to 10 per cent. increase. It is easily seen there is no organization among the Westinghouse or United States Steel Company's employes.

We have a few brothers on the sick list at present. Brother Lou Billings, our man from the "Woolly Wild West," has been confined to his room for four weeks with complications of grippe. Lou still maintains a strong grip on the life line and is improving.

Brother James Kelly and Hugh Allen are working in Detroit. Brother Sam Millman has charge of construction for the Otis Company at Wheeling. Brother George Brannick has returned to New York.

Although work has been slack with No. 6 some of the brothers are very optimistic for the future; so much so that Jack Schultz is working nights (without a helper) down on Sturgeon (Big Fish) street. Jack not being satisfied with the first lemon is trying to hand himself another one. Jack's permit on Mount Washington suddenly expired.

Rob Rote is badly affected with the same disease. He has been seen leaving "Fine View" at 3 o'clock in the morning six days a week. We often wonder if he gets home in time for breakfast. Jess Cryder is installing a push-button machine at the Sewickley Hospital. Jess says it is the first time he ever set up a machine out in the back yard.

Brother Wallace Steward has hit the sawdust trail out as far as Ingram. Wallace says the old trail is mighty crooked and darn sloppy.

B.

Inconsistency-especially the inconsistency of trade unionists and more especially some of the membership of the elevator constructorswas suggested to me as a subject worthy of consideration and discussion through the columns of the Journal.

The literal meaning of the word as set forth in Webster may cause some high-brow reader to curl his lips in ridicule at the mere attempt of one of the "Lower Five" trying to become philosophical.

I may be charged with inconsistency before the reader has perused many lines of this article, and perhaps rightly so, but my only defense and contention will be that I am trying to help in my humble way to assist as correspondent to the Journal.

Brother Schneider has made the Journal worth while and it is an honor to the elevator constructors as

a trade journal; then why be so inconsistent as to accept the position as correspondent and never write a line for publication.

Absurdity is one of the definitions of the subject, and how often do we hear absurd remarks uttered by curbstone and side-rail orators against the officers of their union, who are giving the best that is in them to better their condition. Officers must and do jeopardize their positions and sacrifice their evenings of pleasure in formulating laws and settling disputes, and the thanks they get is: "I don't like that, or the officers are no good." This inconsistent pessimist has no palladium to offer in defense of his remarks, but he has an idle tongue and it keeps wagging to relieve his thoughtless mind.

Laws of local organizations do not grow up like mushrooms over night. They are well aired and discussed by the local; then they go to the central body for indorsement, and if they affect the working conditions of the trade the bosses are given the usual ninety days' notice; so from the time of the inception of the law to the time it becomes effective is a long road, with plenty of chances for Mr. Discontented Member to correct some of the evils which he so loudly howls about.

The great trouble with this inconsistent fellow is that he can neither improve nor build up; or at least he does not try until he gets his foot on a brass rail or the little audience is gathered on the curb. He then immediately becomes an authority on the ability of labor leaders from Sam Gompers down to Warden Hicks of Local No. 8.

Criticism of persons and acts are well and good if consistent, but by what right has a man to criticise any of the officers of the heads of the labor movement personally, when he has never met them personally; neither has he heard them from the public rostrum making a speech, and, furthermore, he never reads any of their speeches.

Attendance as a delegate to your central labor body or some of the conventions of the State or national bodies will tend to shift some of these small ideas so prevalent among the narrow-minded and they will come back from such gatherings with words of praise instead of ridicule.

Sheer ability and courage of their convictions is the helm by which the ship of labor is guided. I have had the pleasure of listening to most of the labor leaders of this country and some from the old country. You can hear a pin if it was dropped on the floor when "Mother Jones" becomes confidential in making a speech. Tom Mann, of the "old sod," soon makes you conscious of whose ability won the dock strikes in England. Our own Frank Feeney, "the little man with the big voice," knows how to get the machinists out of the Building Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor.

Men who have made the labor movement what it is to-day are going to remain at the head of it, Mr. Inconsistent Member, until your grouchy opinions are backed up by facts. Not by what Mr. So-and-So told Mr. So-and-So.

Cloudy knowledge of the happenings and doings of the local by absence from about one-half of the meetings is the fundamental cause and the germ that breeds most of these "hurt yourself members."

Fifty-three pages constitutes the whole of the laws by which No. 8 men are supposed to be guided. 'It is a vest pocket affair and all the members are furnished with one, and, Mr. Member, if you are not familiar with the laws governing yourself in the furtherance of a better working condition, it is sad reflection on your intelligence and a fine example of your inconsistency.

The patience of a president is sore tried many a time by technical or inconsistent requests of members to avoid law and order of the organization. Laws are made to be lived up to or should be anyway, but the very

moment those same laws are strictly enforced by the president of that organization the howl of inconsistency begins to shed tears for the persecuted.

Before closing this short epistle on inconsistency it becomes necessary for me to again quote Webster regarding the word. Among other definitions he used the word "contrary" to define his interpretation.

Just ornery contrariness is all that ails the inconsistent member of the elevator constructors and here I have been trying all this time to delve into the cause and effect of his cussedness. Funny I did not think of that at the beginning for I could have made this article so much shorter by just saying the inconsistent man is only bull headed.

While attending the convention of the State Building Trades Council at Sacramento during the past week I met the members of the German colony, Brothers Frank Maurer, Charles CondiCartwright and George Cole. tions there are improving.

Brother A. Krause has been laid up with a broken nose for the past two weeks.

Brother C. W. Fitzpatrick is confined to his home under the doctor's care.

Brother D. J. Murphy is thinking seriously of getting married during the coming leap year. The only obstacle now is the proposal from some of the dear "Mission Bells."

Brother Wm. McNulty has left the ranks of the "Lower Five" and is now looking after several buildings and some twenty elevators.

Brother Frank Thomas is busily engaged with the service department of the Otis Elevator Company and we have been informed he is seriously considering a voyage to the cool clime referred to by Brother Joe McLeod. No. 8. ED. POOLE.

CINCINNATI, O.

What is alleged to be one of the strongest as well as the best of agree