Penn's Great Treaty. 95 dwelling is near the treaty ground. They land and advance towards the council fire. They pause. Taminend puts on his chaplet, surmounted by a small horn, the emblem of kingly power, and then, through an interpreter, he announces to William Penn that the nations are ready to hear him. 6 32. Being thus called upon, Penn begins his speech: The Great Spirit,' he says, who made me and you, whc rules the heavens and the earth, and who knows the innermost thoughts of men, knows that I and my friends have a hearty desire to live in peace and friendship with you, and serve you to the utmost of our power. It is not our custom to use hostile weapons against our fellow creatures, for which reason we have come unarmed. Our object is not to do injury, and thus provoke the Great Spirit, but to do good. 33. We are met on the broad pathway of good faith and good will, so that no advantage is to be taken on either side, but all to be openness, brotherhood, and love. I shall not call you children or brothers only, for parents are apt to whip their children too severely, and brothers sometimes will differ. Neither will I compare the friendship between us to a chain, for the rain may rust it, or a tree may fall and break it. But I will consider you as the same flesh and blood with the Christians, and the same as if one man's body were to be divided into two parts.' 34. This speech being listened to by the Indians in perfect silence and with much gravity, they take some time to deliberate, and then the king orders one of his chiefs to speak to Penn. The Indian orator advances, and in the king's name salutes him. Then, taking him by the hand, he makes a speech, pledging kindness and good neighborhood, and that the Indians and English must live in love as long as the sun and moon shall endure." 1 The tree under which the treaty was made stood in what was afterward known as Kensington, but which is now a part of the city of Philadelphia. When the British were quartered near it during the war of American Independence, their general so respected it, that, when his 35. "This treaty," it has sworn to and never broken.' cheated the natives, and Subsequen: consequently history. there were no Indian wars in the territories which they settled. "Not a drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by an Indian." Penn made two visits to England; and at his death, which occurred there, he left his American possessions to his sons, by whom the government was managed, most of the time through deputies, till the TREATY MONUMENT. Revolution. Finally their claims were purchased by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. North and South Carolina. 36. In looking for the circumstances that gave to Carolina its name, we come to the first attempt to settle the region. Some French Protestants, known as Huguenots, with Ribault (re-bo) as their leader, entered the commodious haven of Port Royal and so named it. "When they landed, all was solitude. The frightened Indians had fled, but Huguenots in they lured them back with knives, beads, and Carolina. looking-glasses, and enticed two of them on board their ships. Here, by feeding, clothing, and caressing them, they tried to wean them from their fears; but the captive war The soldiers were cutting down every tree for firewood, he placed a sentinel under it that not a branch of it might be touched. A few years ago (in 1810) it was blown down, when it was split into wood, and many cups, bowls, and other articles were made of it to be kept as memorials. monument marks the spot where the tree stood. A 1562 The Huguenots in Carolina. 97 riors moaned and lamented day and night, till Ribault, with the prudence and humanity which seem always to characterize him, gave over his purpose of carrying them to France, and set them ashore again (1562). 37. Preliminary exploration, not immediate settlement, had been the object of the voyage; but all was still rose color in the eyes of the voyagers, and many of their number would fain linger in the New Canaan. Ribault was more than willing to humor them. He mustered his company on deck, and made them a stirring harangue. He appealed to their courage and their patriotism, told them how from a mean origin men rise by enterprise and daring to fame and fortune, and demanded who among them would stay behind and hold Port Royal for the king. The greater part came forward, of whom thirty were chosen. 38. A fort was forthwith begun, on a small stream, which they named Charlesfort-the Carolina-in honor of Charles IX. of France. But how were they to subsist? Their thought was not of subsistence, but of gold. Of the thirty, the greater number were soldiers and sailors, with a few gentlemen, that is to say, men of the sword, born within the pale of nobility, who at home could neither labor nor trade without derogation from their rank." Famine, contention, and homesickness were the consequence. "But how to escape? A continent was their solitary prison, and the pitiless Atlantic closed the egress. Not one of them knew how to build a ship; but Ribault had left them a forge, with tools and iron; and strong desire supplied the place of skill. Trees were hewn down and the work begun. 39. All, gentle and simple, labored with equal zeal. They calked the seams with the long moss which hung in profusion from the trees; the pines supplied them with pitch; the Indians made for them a kind of cordage; and for sails they sewed together their shirts and bedding. At length a brigantine worthy of Robinson Crusoe floated on the waters. They laid in what provisions they might, gave all that remained to the delighted Indians, embarked, descended the river, and put to sea." 1 Albemarle don colonies. 40. "To suppose that Sir Walter Raleigh's efforts accomplished nothing, because he did not actually plant an abiding colony in North Carolina, would be unjust to him, as well as sadly to violate the truth of history. His zeal and and Claren- enterprise prompted others to pursue the path in which, with so much loss, he had been the bold pioneer." In 1663, Charles II. granted to Lord Clarendon and other English noblemen a vast territory south of Virginia. In honor of the Duke of Albemarle, one of the grantees, a settlement previously made on the Chowan river, by emigrants from Virginia, who would not obey the church rules prescribed in Virginia, was called the Albemarle County Colony. Another settlement, begun near Wilmington, by planters from Bar-ba'-does, was called the "Clarendon County Colony." 41. John Locke, the most eminent philosopher of his time, was engaged to draw up a charter and scheme of government The for the new province. It was to be, the proprietors Grand Model. thought, a populous empire. A constitution was accordingly proposed, which became known as the "Grand Model;" but it was so poorly adapted to the wants of the settlers, that it never went into full effect, and was finally abandoned by the proprietors (1693.) 42. In 1670, a third colony was planted in Carolina. It was on the western bank of the Ashley river; but, ten years after, was removed to a better location, at province. the junction of that stream with the Cooper river. Division of the 1 The sufferings which they endured on the voyage, because of their want of food, were frightful; but a remnant of their number at length reached France. One day, while at sea, they cast lots for the life of one of their number, who was sacrificed, and his flesh divided equally.” -Fairbanks' History of Florida. It will be noticed that Parkman says that thirty persons were left at Port Royal by Ribault. Other authors say twenty-six. Parkman, who is excellent authority, also spells the name of the Huguenot Captain thus, Ribaut. Charles, in Latin, is Carolus-hence Carolina. 1732 Settlement of Georgia. 99 Thus the first settlement was made in South Carolina, and the foundation of Charleston was laid. About fifty years later Carolina became a royal province, the king, George II., having purchased the proprietors' rights. North Carolina and South Carolina then, as royal provinces, began their separate existence (1729). Georgia. Motives for the 43. "Each year, in Great Britain, at least four thousand unhappy men," says Bancroft, "were put into prison for the misfortune of poverty. The subject won the attention of James Oglethorpe, a member of the British parliament; and to him, in the annals of legislative philanthropy, the honor is due of having first settlement. resolved to lighten the lot of debtors. Touched with the sorrows which the walls of a prison could not hide from him, he searched into the gloomy horrors of jails"; and was the means of restoring to light and freedom multitudes who, by long confinement for debt, were strangers and helpless in the country of their birth. He did more." For them, as well as for others who were poor, distressed, or persecuted, "he planned a new destiny in America, where former poverty or misfortune would be no reproach." 66 Settlement of Savannah 44. To him and to others, twenty-one in all, the king, George II., granted, for a term of twenty-one years, “in trust for the poor," as the charter stated, all the country between the Savannah and the Altamaha (al-ta-mahaw'). Oglethorpe embarked with more than a hundred emigrants; and, ascending a river, on a high bluff he laid the foundation of a town, which received the name of Savannah. The new province was called Georgia, in honor of the king (1733). "Next year the colony was joined by about a hundred German Protestants. The colonists received this addition to their numbers with joy. A place of residence was chosen for them which the devout and |