them-the valley of the Connecticut. It beneath the shadow of the low-browed hill its silvery river in its embrace, like a strong the hands of the swarthy hunter, who still of its rich acres. The 29. These settlers had come to a delightf were surrounded by perils. Their neighbo unfriendly, for they looked upon them as i worst foes were the hostile tri Pequod War. Pequods or Pequots. With were compelled to wage a fierce war ; and ferocity were no match for Europe What could clubs and arrows avail ag mor? The Pequods were defeated and as a tribe. Of the few that survived were enslaved by the English, the of Narragansetts and Mohegans. 30. Two colonies were already ir "remarkable for the religious spirit was founded at New Haven, by 'I of large fortune, and. guished Puritan minis lands was obtained b Annual elections were held, and Annually till his death-a period The New 31. "The first house for p was commenced in 1639. The was decided in the town mee having a tower s men were seated A Sabbath in New Haven in women on the the olden his office or hi times. his place assi fathers of New Haven nances of God for abo of their ancient S himself in the history of England by the conquest of Jamaica, and had been admiral of the British navy, left him a claim against the government for sixteen thousand pounds. 24. Desiring to found a colony where civil and religious liberty might dwell together in peace, Penn applied for a grant of land west of the Delaware river. "To the prodigal Charles II., always embarrassed for money, the grant of the province seemed the easiest way" of cancelling the claim which Penn had inherited. A charter was accordingly obtained. It was Penn's design at first to call the territory New Wales, but afterward he suggested the word Sylvania, as suitable for a land covered with forests. The king, however, would not consent to this, but at last prefixed the word Penn, in honor, as he said, of his late friend, the admiralThis, instead of pleasing Penn, made him think that people would accuse him of being vain; and he offered twenty guineas to the king's secretary to have the name changed. 25. Previous to this-more than forty years before-Gustavus Adolphus, the brave king of Sweden, proposed to found in America a free state, where the laborer should reap the fruit of his toil, where the rights of conscience Swedes in should be inviolate, and which should be open Delaware. to the whole Protestant world." A Hollander presented himself to the king, and laid before him a proposition for a trading company, to be established in Sweden, its opera tions to extend to Asia, Africa, and America. Full power was accordingly given to carry out this project, but before the necessary arrangements could be made, the German war and the king's death occurred, which caused the work to be laid aside, "and the whole project seemed about to die with the king. But just as it appeared to be at its end, it received new life. The 66 26. Another Hollander, by the name of Peter Minuit,1 made his appearance in Sweden. He had been in the service 'Other writers speak of Minuit as a native of Germany (see p. 83). 1638 Conquest by Stuyvesant. 93 of Holland, in America, but had been recalled home and dismissed from service. He was not, however, discouraged by this, and went over to Sweden, where he renewed the representations in regard to the excellence of the new country, and the advantages that Sweden might derive from it. Queen Christina, then a child of only eleven years of age, who had succeeded her royal father in the government, was glad to have the project thus renewed. 27. As a good beginning, the first colony was sent off, and Minuit was placed over it, as being best acquainted in those regions. They set sail in a ship-of-war, followed by a smaller vessel, both laden with people, provisions, ammunition, and merchandise suitable for traffic and gifts to the Indians. The ships reached their places of destination; and the high expectations which the emigrants had formed of that new land were well met by the first views which they enjoyed of it. They made their first landing on the bay or entrance to the river Poutaxat, which they called the river of New Sweden. A purchase of land was immediately made from the Indians. Posts were driven into the ground as landmarks; and a deed was drawn up for the land thus purchased. This was written in Dutch, because no Swede was yet able to interpret the language of the heathen. The Indians subscribed their marks; and the writing was sent home to Sweden, to be preserved in the royal archives" (1638). Dutch claim. Con 28. The country thus bought of the Indians was named New Sweden. The Swedes made a settlement near where Wilmington now is, and their colony began to prosper; but they were not permitted to enjoy their new homes in peace. The Dutch regarded the settlement as an intrusion upon their territory of New Netherlands, and molested the new comers in various ways. At length, after a period of more than twenty-five years, Governor Stuyvesant, with a force of six hundred men, proceeded against the Swedes, and compelled them to submit to the Dutch government (1655). (See p. 84.) quest by Stuyvesant. 29. We have seen how the Dutch, in turn, were compelled to surrender New Netherlands, including Delaware. Penn, on the eve of his departure for America, extended his possessions, by obtaining from the Duke of York the united to duke's title to the "three lower counties, now Pennsyl- forming the state of Delaware. Several ships Delaware vania. with emigrants, chiefly Quakers, came over in 1681 and 1682. Penn himself landed in 1682. In conformity with his instructions, a site for a city had already been selected. This city, he said, "shall be called Philadelphia, a name which means brotherly love." He treated all the settlers with kindness and liberality, and took great pains to show the Indians that he was their friend. 30. Beneath a wide spreading elm tree Penn met the chiefs and warriors in council, and made his famous "treaty of peace and friendship." The scene is thus described by one who has written a life of the great Quaker: "It Penn's great is near the close of November,-the lofty trees on treaty. the banks of the Delaware have shed their summer attire, the ground is strewed with leaves, and the council fire burns brightly, fanned by the autumnal breeze. Under the wide-branching elm the Indian tribes are assembled, but all unarmed, for no warlike weapon is allowed to disturb the scene. In front are the chiefs, with their counsellors and aged men on either hand. Behind them, in the form of a half moon, sit the young men, and some of the aged matrons; while beyond, and disposed in still widening circles, are seen the youth of both sexes. Among the assembled chiefs there is one who holds a conspicuous rank-the Great Sachem Tam-i-nend, one of nature's noblemen, revered for his wisdom, and beloved for his goodness. 31. But see! a barge is approaching, bearing at its masthead the broad pennant of the governor (Penn). The oars are plied with measured strokes, and near the helm sits William Penn attended by his council. On the river's bank, waiting with others to join them, is the hospitable Swede, whose |