Just what the opposition to the governor may amount to in the primary election, it is difficult at this time to forecast. Governor Whitman, it may be easily understood, has the backing of the State organization and is being indorsed already by county organizations.

Attorney-General Lewis would not leave the voters in the dark as to what his purposes are if nominated for governor and elected.

This State has done much, but much remains to be done.

Our enemies confront us on the fields of France and Italy, and are among us in our daily life. Their sympathizers, propagandists and spies here must be sought out and dealt with as public enemies, without hesitation, faltering or delay. I have endeavored to do my share in the past and shall continue to do so. We must win the war or submit to slavery.

"I favor the restoration of a State convention, the members of which should be chosen at a direct primary

ment by the legislature, he says he is in favor of a State referendum on prohibition thus leaving the question to the voters. He will also ask for the defeat of the federal woman's suffrage amendment and restoration of the State nominating convention. Here is his announcement:

"Americans have one present and compelling duty; we must win the war.

"Every man in responsible public position must subordinate every ambition to this one purpose. Tyrannical power wherever it exists must be destroyed.

in order that the party's principles and policies may find authoritative expression. The party's candidates should be bound by a party's declaration of principles.

"No candidate of a party should accept its nomination who is unwilling to bind himself to its principles and to carry out its policies. The party is responsible for and greater than its candidates. Its representatives must recognize this fact, both before and after election.

"I favor the submission to the people of the State of an amendment to the constitution of the State providing for prohibition. The local elections in this State in April have shown that there is a marked difference of opinion among the voters of the State upon this subject.

"Believing as I do that the federal constitution is an instrument of union and should not be made an agency for discord, and that its provisions should be those only which are generally acceptable, I am opposed to the ratification of the pending national amendment."

It is conceded by both the Whitman and Lewis men Lewis men that this statement of the attorney-general's makes the issue very clear as the governor undoubtedly will re-affirm his well-known position on these questions. The primary contest, therefore, will be not so much one of personality as on well defined and understood principles.

Attorney-General Lewis says he will make no speaking tours throughout the State during the campaign; that his duties as attorney-general will occupy all his time and that whatever he has to say to the voters will be made plain in authorized statements through the newspapers.

An interesting part of the campaign thus far is the appointment by the attorneygeneral of Senator Theodore Douglas Robinson as his campaign manager. Headquarters have been opened at the Murray Hill hotel, New York city, where Senator Robinson is in charge. There has been a good deal of speculation as to whether Senator Robinson, who is a nephew of former President Theodore Roosevelt, means that the sympathy of Mr. Roosevelt's friends will be on the side of AttorneyGeneral Lewis in his effort to capture the Republican nomina

tion for governor. Senator Robinson

"The Republican organization in this State has become nothing but a personal vehicle of the present Governor, built up by patronage, distributed by the present chairman of the State committee who was until lately on the State payroll as executive auditor. An organization representing merely the personal ambition of one man cannot long retain the confidence of the majority of the republican electorate. This State needs a militant republican organization and it needs a man nominated by the republican voters who can defeat the democratic nominee.

says that he represents nobody but himself and issues this statement of his position:

The voters are demanding with increasing vehemence that political bodies represent ideas and that these ideas be made clear in representative gatherings or conventions. That they may no longer vote in the dark, they call for candidates of firm and consistent mind to carry out the will of those who select them. I feel that AttorneyGeneral Lewis is a man who can fill that bill. He has shown ability in the discharge of the duties of his office. He has diligently brought to justice the enemies of the United States in this State and has saved France from traitors within her borders.

Clarence E. Schuster, a Rochester lawyer, will devote all his time to assisting in the management of the Lewis campaign. Mr. Schuster assisted the attorney-general when the latter was connected with the Thompson legislative committee investigating the public service commissions.

Immediately following the announcement of the withdrawal of Attorney-General Lewis from his candidacy as attorney-general, Harold J. Hinman, first deputy attorney

general announced himself as a candidate for the office. Mr. Hinman while a member of the assembly and leader of the majority proved himself one of the ablest and most popular members of the legislature. He is a young man and has a bright political future. Judge William D. Cunningham of the Court of Claims may be the Whitman candidate for the office. In the general political shakeup there are rumors to the effect that Lieutenant-Governor Edward Schoeneck may be urged to accept the nomination for attorneygeneral on the Whitman ticket and that Senator George F. Argetsinger of Monroe county will be a candidate on the same ticket for lieutenant-governor. Supporters of Mr. Lewis for governor are understood to favor the nomina

tion of Speaker Sweet for State comptroller. This desire to defeat Comptroller Eugene M. Travis originates in Kings county among the followers of Jacob Livingston, one of the Republican leaders.

although he refused to comment on the current political reports that he might become a candidate for governor in the Republican primary, his address was regarded as the beginning of his campaign. It referred in general terms to the need for a more decisive stand on public questions by legislators and other State officials. He was accom

panied by several New York city men including State Senator Alvah W. Burlingame, jr., who made it plain that Judge Cropsey may soon announce his candidacy. Joseph J. Early of the Brooklyn Standard Union, who spoke as a representative of Mr. Cropsey,

said:

"It is the general feeling throughout New York that Justice Cropsey will have to be a candidate. When Attorney-General Lewis announced that he was going into the primaries it looked as though he might be the man to beat Whitman, but he lost strength when he came out with a statement that he favored the restoration of the State convention and the literacy test and was opposed to the federal suffrage amendment. The Governor of New York State won't have to mixup with national questions for awhile yet and Mr. Lewis's declaration of principles was entirely uncalled for. It did him no good and Governor Whitman no harm."

Former State Senator William M. Bennett appears to be active in opposing Governor Whitman. He has said from the beginning that he favors Justice Cropsey as a candidate. Recently he issued a statement attacking both Governor Whitman and Attorney-General Lewis. Justice Cropsey late in May delivered an address in Syracuse before the association of credit men and

Colonel Theodore Roosevelt declares that he will take no part in the Republican contest for governor at the primaries. Among counties which have indorsed Governor Whitman for renomination are Erie, Monroe, Onondaga, Columbia, Clinton and Washington.

Senator John J. Boylan has for years been sponsor for bills intended to minimize or eradicate the drug-forming habit. He has been a member of committees in the legislature where bills of this kind have been discussed and has also been on investigating committees of the same character. While he admits that the evil is a difficult one to deal with, Senator Boylan is confident that it can be abolished by wise legislation. At the last session a new department was created to administer the law on this subject. It is predicted that much good will result from this new branch of the State government.-EDITOR.

John J. Boylan

T

O place the responsibility squarely up to the physicians, and to help the drug addicts. These were the objects sought in the "habit-forming drug bill" which passed the legislature, and was placed upon the statute books in 1914.

Doctors in their busy every-day practice had gone on prescribing narcotic drugs without giving a thought to the habit they were creating. Trained nurses were adding to the number of addicts by a too free use of hypodermics on troublesome patients. Druggists were prescribing and selling "headache tablets" (morphine) over their counters. Peddlers were selling cocaine powders to school children. All these agents were laboring industriously to add to the ranks of habit-forming drug users.

Medical schools taught little or nothing about the treatment or cure of these cases; yet when the habit-forming drug legislation was first proposed the medical profession arose almost as one man in opposition to it. It was only after the hardest possible kind

of work that it passed the legislature, and was signed by Governor Glynn.

The placing of this law on the statute books of the State of New York, marked our state as the pioneer state of the union to legislate against habit-forming drugs. The act passed was used as a model for other states and also by congress in framing the Harrison law. The principal features of the act were:

All sales of habit-forming drugs were prohibited except upon the written order of a physician;

All physicians were compelled to keep a record of drugs of this character purchased by them;

All sales of hypodermic syringes were forbidden except upon a physician's order;

Habitual drug users could be committed to hospitals for treatment instead of sending them to workhouses or penitentiaries;

The licenses of physicians and nurses who were proved to be addicts could be revoked.

After a year's trial several amendments covering points brought out in the actual operation of the law were made. These included the following:

A record of habit-forming drugs used in compounds

had to be kept;

The sale to children under 16 years of age was made a felony;

Addicts were directed to be kept apart from other patients or prisoners;

The permission to use the Harrison law blank instead of the State blank, in order to help the physician with his records.

In 1917 additional amendments were added including the following:

Physicians should satisfy themselves that applicants were not attempting to procure the drug for the purpose of illegal sale or distribution;

Physicians were compelled to keep duplicate order blanks;

The local boards of health were authorized to supply, without charge, needy addicts with necessary drugs;

Addicts were permitted to commit themselves voluntarily to institutions for treatment, and for the first time the State board of health was authorized to appoint inspectors to see that the provisions of the act were carried out.

At hearings held by the joint legislative committee to investigate habit-forming drugs, it was frequently stated that many physicians were afraid to prescribe these drugs as they feared the law. There was nothing in the original act, nor has any amendment been added to it that prevents the legitimate physician from honestly prescribing any of these drugs. All he is compelled to do is to keep a record of his prescriptions.

Through the operation of this law many people have been helped.

The city of New York has set apart wards in the hospitals for the treatment of addicts. A farm has also been provided for their treatment and after care.

More attention is being paid to these unfortunate members of society with the object of helping to restore them to a normal method of living. Much yet remains to be done to help reclaim to the man power of our state the thousands of addicts now within its borders. During the hearings held by the joint legislative committee, it was estimated that from two to five per cent of the residents of the state were addicted to the use of narcotics.

A large number of witnesses testified, including addicts, to the various methods of obtaining the drug. It was stated that many shipments were made from the United States to Canada, Mexico and Cuba, and were smuggled back into the country. Some of them going by way of Buffalo; some by way of Detroit, and one witness stated that in Florida the drug could be bought as easily as the most simple household remedy.

Testimony was also given showing that the drug was smuggled across the border in the tires of automobiles, railroad employees were also used as distributing agents.

Another source of supply was the medical practitioner who used his profession merely as a cloak for the distribution of narcotics. While their number is relatively small, yet they are known to drug users, and for this reason they operate to break down the effect of the law.

United States revenue agents from the South testified that as states went "dry" the sales and use of narcotic drugs increased. The committee learned that the legitimate traffic in these drugs is under fair control; the greatest danger arising from their sale by the unscrupulous physician and the underworld peddler.

The committee recommended the establishment of a State department of drug control; also the providing of State institutions for the treatment of drug addiction, where proper study and investigation could be made to discover the best remedial agents to be employed in the treatment of addicts.

The governor has just signed this bill, and it is to be hoped that during its operation in the next few years the problem will be ultimately solved to the benefit of the addict and to the good of the State.

The governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate was authorized to appoint a commission of narcotic drug control to hold office for the term of six years at an annual salary of $6,000. The commissioner may divide the State in four districts and maintain an administration office in each.

He is given power to inspect and examine any hospital, sanatorium, institution or place in which persons are treated for drug addiction.

The commissioner may appoint and at pleasure remove three deputy commissioners, each to be at the head of a district at an annual salary of $3,500 and necessary traveling expenses. The commissioner shall appoint a secretary at an annual salary of $3,000. He may also appoint a counsel and