Three Years of Enemy Occupation: The Issue of Political Collaboration in the Philippines

acts American anese Asiatic Monroe Doctrine Asiatic Monroeism authority belligerent occupant Britain Burma China civil co-prosperity sphere coercion collaboration command Commander-in-Chief Commonwealth conquered conqueror Constitution cooperation East Asia economic editorial enemy occupation established existence fact facto government fight Fili Filipino leaders foreign freedom French Indo-China Greater East Asia guerrilla hostile Imperial Japanese Imperial Japanese Army independence Indo-China inhabitants International Law invader issued Japan Japanese army Japanese forces Japanese military Japanese occupation Kalaw Korea Laurel law of nations Leitensdorfer liberation loyalty MacArthur MAKAPILI Manchukuo Manila matter ment military administration military occupation Monroe Doctrine moral obedience occupied territory organized Pacific pact of alliance patriots peace and order persons Philippine Executive Commission pino political Premier Tojo President Osmeña principles proclamation professor propaganda protect punished Recto régime Republic resistance rule Siam Slovakia sovereign sovereignty Supreme Court surrender tion treaty Tribune United USAFFE V-J Day victory