sex; and her heroines, no less than their creator, were rebels against the social order, which did not suffer them to pursue with impunity the path that heart or mind dictated. In a sense Newman was a rebel too; he regarded with no less disfavour the crushing weight of English tradition; but he would have held before these agonising heroines a far different, and a higher, ideal, in the attainment of which they might have found the peace they craved. George Eliot herself, was, however, far from reciprocating Newman's dislike. She found great delight in reading the lectures on the 'Present Position of Catholics,' which she describes as full of clever satire and description '1; and to her friend, Sara Hennell, she writes of him with enthusiasm:

'It was just what I wanted to hear about you, that you were having some change, and I think the freshness of the companionship must help other good influences, not to speak of the "Apologia,' which breathed much life into me when I read it. Pray mark that beautiful passage in which he thanks his friend, Ambrose St. John. I know hardly anything that delights me more than such evidences of sweet brotherly love being a reality in the world. I envy you your opportunity of seeing and hearing Newman, and should like to make an expedition to Birmingham for that sole end.' 2

But apparently she never went. If she had, would her comment have coincided with that of Charlotte Brontë, who diversified one of her business visits to London by going to see Cardinal Wiseman administer confirmation, and subsequently described the scene with more force than politeness as 'impiously theatrical'? However, she was gracious enough to admit that ' good people-very good people -there are among the Romanists,' although not sufficiently enlightened to rise superior to fancies about Popery taking off the mask at Naples.' Whatever her attitude to the creed he represented, she laid her prejudice aside and, like Thackeray, attended at least one of the lectures on 'Anglican Difficulties.' impressions she subsequently spoke in a very quiet, concise, graphic way' to Mrs. Gaskell, who, it may be observed, was one of Newman's favourite writers, but unhappily her biographer does not record what she said. Perhaps she lamented the fact that so splendid an intellect should have fallen victim to so grotesque a delusion. It may even be that, as she expressed her admiration on this occasion for Professor Newman's recently published book, 'The Soul, her Sorrows and Aspirations,' she would have agreed ■ Ibid., ii, p. 386.

1 Life, by J. W. Cross, i, p. 265.

Of her

with Carlyle's two dicta, that of the two brothers, the younger, Francis William, was a man of fine attainments, of the sharpest cutting and most restlessly advancing intellect,' whereas the elder, John Henry, possessed' the brain of a moderate-sized rabbit.'

Is Miss Mitford to be included among the novelists? She wrote one book, not strictly a novel, but rather a series of essays, by which she is remembered; but she also wrote, in addition to a number of plays, a novel, which has passed into a merciful oblivion. In a letter from Oriel, written as early as 1827, Newman seems to refer to her Tell Jemima, Miss M. is clever, but her naturalness degenerates into affectation and her simplicity into prettiness. She is rather the ape of nature-a mimic-ars est celare artem. But some of her pieces are very good, e.g. "The Bachelor."' Miss M. is undoubtedly Miss Mitford, the first and second series of whose sketches, subsequently collected to form the volume entitled 'Our Village,' appeared in 1824 and 1826 respectively. Miss Mitford deserves our gratitude for preserving one anecdote of Newman's Oriel days, because it not only shows his real goodness of heart, but also illustrates the nature of his influence over the undergraduate world, of which Gladstone once said that there had never been anything like it since Abelard was lecturing in Paris centuries before. She had a distant young connection, eager to go to Oxford, but unhappily destitute of the necessary wherewithal. In spite of his poverty he went into residence, resolved to trust fortune for the means to remain there. It so chanced that he made the acquaintance of Newman, from whom he received breakfast and advice every week. Miss Mitford, in alarm-for the Tractarian agitation was then at its height-minutely questioned the youth. The answer is best given in his own words to her enquiry about the scope of the advice.

'Everthing, the classics, history, mathematics, general literature. He thinks me in danger of overworking myself at Greek-he, such a scholar!—and tells me to diversify my reading, to take exercise, and to get as much general knowledge and cheerful society as I can. He questioned me about Shakespeare's poetry and the prosewriters after Bacon. In short he talks to me of every sort of subject, except what is called Tractarianism, and that he has never mentioned.'

'Now this,' comments Miss Mitford, 'seemed to me most honourable.' But a sensitive scrupulosity in his relations with others was, to use the gracious words Mr. Birrell applies to his

candour, one of the lovely characteristics of the man whose long life has been a miracle of beauty and grace.'

No mention of one novelist has been made, but the omission has been intentional; and this in spite of the fact that, as the 'Apologia,' is, of all Newman's works, the most likely to attain literary immortality, the names of Newman and Kingsley will always be linked together in the memory of men. But a discussion of their relations would only lead into an already well-explored and familiar region, about which there is nothing fresh to be discovered. Suffice it to say that, when the controversy had become past history, Newman heard with pleasure of Kingsley's kindly references to himself in the course of a sermon, and thenceforth wished to meet him personally, as he felt he could without embarrassment. But when Kingsley's early death made this impossible, he did for his former adversary what alone it was in his power to do: he said Mass for the eternal repose of his soul, and with this act of Christian charity closed the record of the most embittered controversy of his life.

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