ing among the Phrygians is traceable at all the three places. A considerable similarity, in many cases even an apparent identity, exists, moreover, between the oldest idols found at Troy, Mykenê, and Tiryns. So far as can still be made out from the partially injured wall-picture of the man on a bull, which was found at Tiryns, the rider even wears the Phrygian cap which was characteristic of the swain of fair Helen and his kinsmen, and which may be seen on many later Roman coins referring to Troy.

Having been in communication with Dr. Schliemann on the origin of Tiryns, I found that in this case he would take no heed of the most distinct classic testimony, while in the case of Troy he had, at least in earlier years, believed too literally in poetic descriptions. However, before the appearance of his work, he, in answer to iny remarks, wrote from Athens, in February, 1885, that he did not deny that the oldest settlement of Tiryns belongs to a Thrakian race," but that he was firmly convinced I would come round, after reading his book, to his view as to the architectural origin of the palace and all Kyklopean walls of Greece, as well as of Mykenean civilization in general.

However, in the very Preface to Tiryns, Dr. Adler, the architectural specialist, traced these ancient creations on the soil of Argolis to the national style of the Phrygians and to the immigration of distinguished families of that Thrakian race from Asia Minor; thus fully supporting the classic statements. Dr. Dörpfeld, the trusty fellow-worker of Schliemann, whose merits in the domain of archæological science are paramount, wrote:

Either Phoenician builders raised the castle walls in North Africa as well as in the Argive plain; or we see here an architectural arrangement which, invented in the oldest time by some nation, had gradually become typical, and therefore was executed by several races

in similar manner. Strabo, it is true, states that the Cyclopes, the builders of Tiryns, had come from Lycia. The ancients, consequent. ly, knew nothing of Phoenicians having built Tiryns.

Still, until further proof, Dr. Dörpfeld thought he should give preference to the former of the two possibilities mentioned. Having myself laid stress, in German and English articles, on the Thrakian foundation of Tiryns, Schliemann urged me to see Dr. James Fergusson, to whom

he had dedicated the English edition of his splendid book with the words: "To the Historian of Architecture, eminent alike for his knowledge of the art, and for the original genius which he has applied to the solution of some of its most interesting problems." Now, in a conversation of an hour's duration, Dr. Fergusson pointed out, with the greatest care and kindness, by means of drawings and other references fetched from his large library, all the details necessary for judging the question. His introductory words were : "I do not like the Phonikian idea at all." In the course of his explanations he said :

dating back to at least 1500 years before our

We evidently have here before us a structure

era. Through this great discovery of Dr. Schliemann, a clear and sharp division-line is now discernible in the Peloponnesus, between a prehistoric epoch hitherto enveloped in darkness and the Greek epoch since the Doric in. vasion. Mykenê was, no doubt, built later than Tiryns, which, on account of the low marshes in its neighborhood, had probably been found to be somewhat injurious to health. The agreement of the ground-plan between Tiryns and Troy is of the utmost importance.

It practically confirms the ancient tradition of the raising of the Cyclopean walls by Lycian

workmen from Asia Minor. It was a Thracian

people, evidently, which built Tiryns, even as Troy was a settlement of Phrygian Thracians.

As to the downward-tapering embedded pillars which Dr. Adler, in his Preface to Tiryns, seemed to trace to the stiff hieratic art-rules of Egypt, Dr. Fergusson declared that there was only a single instance of such a style in Egypt, under Thotmes II., and that the Peloponnesian structures in question were clearly traceable to the ancient manner of building in wood which had prevailed among the Thrakians in well-forested Asia Minor. At the same time, he approved of Dr. Adler's opinion as to Phrygia and Lykia having been the aboriginal home of the architectural style in Argolis. The vestige of the round timber ceiling, as formerly used in Thrakian Asia Minor, Dr. Fergusson pointed out in the cross-cut of the capital of the Lions' Gate at Mykenê. In the Peloponnesus, he said, this ancient mode of building in wood was gradually changed into stone architecture. I omit entering into further interesting details. I will only add that Dr. Fergusson much regretted that Schliemann, having made so important a dis

covery at Tiryns, should oppose historical testimony which had been confirmed by his excavation.

In his own previous writings, Dr. Fergusson had always spoken of a TuranoPelasgian substratuin in Greece. I was, therefore, additionally interested when hearing from him that he now was convinced of the Teutonic kinship of the Thrakians in Greece and elsewhere. When I mentioned that the immigration of the Germanic Asa race into Scandinavia had evidently come from Thrakian quarters near the Black Sea, he exclaimed: "Yes; Woden's expedition to the North!" Before we met, Dr. Fergusson had read a number of articles I had written on that subject. The main contents of the conversation above referred to I at once sent to Dr. Schliemann. I also gave at the time a report of it in the Press, which I communicated to him as well as to Dr. Fergusson, so that no doubt could possibly arise as to the correct rendering of the words of the distinguished English or Scottish architect.

Now, that was, in some degree, a Delphic utterance. In this country many expected that he would make his gift to England. However, on the title-page of his first book, and again on that of his Mycenae (1878), he had proudly described himself as a citizen of the United States. In his political views, seldom as he touched upon these things, he held principles in harmony with that description. Yet, Germany, after all, was the land of his birth; and what more natural than that he should first think of his Fatherland? On the other hand, might not Greece have put in a claim by saying

that the Trojan booty did, by right, belong to the descendants of those who overcame Ilion?

To whom, then, was the precious apple to fall?

Dr. Schliemann himself, no doubt, hesitated for some time. I well remember the pleasant evening when, at table, he raised a discussion on this subject. A learned Englishman, who honored German science, myself, and my wife, were his guests. Now, much as I personally should have wished to have frequent access, for the sake of study, to the Trojan treasures which then were temporarily established in the South Kensington Museum, I yet had always strongly believed that Germany would be the proper guardian of that prehistoric hoard of art. This I at once declared in a few words.

66

"You say that?'' Schliemann asked in a tone of eagerness; I should have imagined that you who had to leave Germany on account of your principles, and to go into exile, would not give this advice. That idea had always been present to my mind and made me doubtful."

66

How?" I answered; 66 what difference can expatriation make in my views on such a subject? Is it possible that you, my dear friend, should ever have been able so to misunderstand me? GerHer scholars are, as a rule, not blessed many is the great workshop of learning. with wealth. Travelling to, and staying in, so expensive a town as London for the purpose of studying these Trojan treasures on the spot, is not easy for them. is one reason for presenting the results of your researches to Germany. Then, the Trojans-as I have often explained- -were of Geto-Thrakian descent, closely akin to the Germans, In a German museum, therefore, the remnants of Trojan art have their fittest place. That is the second rea

son.

That

Thirdly, why should you, a German, not first remember our Fatherland ?'' Schliemann looked up with some surprise, but evidently pleased. I was glad to learn from him, later on, that he had dedicated his collections "To the German People." These were his own public words. By letter from Paris he requested me to treat the matter as a confidential one, until the sanction by the German Emperor had been given. From Athens he afterward wrote, on February 17th, 1881 :—

I am extremely pleased to see that my la bors and my donation to the German people meet with so high an appreciation on your part. But truly, I feel quite under a difficulty by the many proofs of your friendship with which you overwhelm me. Nothing would fill my wife and me with greater joy than to have you and your dear wife here with us at Athens for some time. We have always rooms for you ready, and everything would be done by us to make the stay to you pleasant. My donation of the Trojan collection to the German people

has been made known on the 7th of this month, by the publication of the letters of the German Emperor and of Prince Bismarck to me in the official Berlin Gazette, and it appears to have been received by the public with great joy. I have read with the greatest interest your essay on Germanic Mythology. I

am looking forward eagerly to your treatise, on The Teutonic Kinship of the Trojans.' You have, no doubt, seen that, in llios, I continually point to the analogues of the Trojan things, which were found in Hungary; and it appears, therefore, that Hungary was in. habited by a Thrakian people in a far-off prehistoric epoch.

This extension of the Thrakian race into what is now Hungary I had repeatedly dwelt upon in various writings concerning the discoveries at Troy. In mentioning a proposed translation of his Ilios, by Dr. Joseph Hampel, the Director of the Museum at Buda-Pest, Dr. Schliemann, in a letter of December 16th, 1880, also wrote to me of "the numberless analogues of my Trojan finds, which appear to prove beyond doubt that Hungary was once inhabited by a Thrakian people of close kinship with the Trojans of the Burned City.'

It was at Schliemann's urgent request that, in 1884, I contributed a short essay to his Troja on The Germanic Kinship of Trojans and Thrakians." Very frequently this subject, together with other Teutonic race-questions which were new to him when we first met, was brought up in conversation. Considering all this, I trust I shall be forgiven by Englishmen,

though they also can claim Thrakian affinity, for saying that I was right glad

when the results of the wonderful researches of a German on the hill of Hissarlik came into the possession of the people which is of nearest blood-relationship with the doughty champions of unhappy Troy.

Often did he, in later years, during his presence in London, renew in the warmest manner the invitation to us to come to his home at Athens, the well-known splendid Ilion House, "Ilion Melathron," called from the smoke blackened crossbeam or rafter of ancient Greek dwellings, which afterward meant a roof or a house

generally. But the journey was on our part never undertaken. I had to be content with the imprisoned Gods of Greece in the British Museum. As I am looking over the mass of correspondence before me from Athens, from Paris, from Germany, and from Egypt, in which the great name of Virchow also occurs, the pen refuses to describe the feeling of sadness arising from the unexpected loss of Schlie

mann,

him

Honors have been showered upon at home and abroad. He was made an honorary D. C. L. Oxon., and honorary Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; a F.S.A.; an honorary Member and Gold Medallist of the Royal Institute of British Architects. But why enumerate titles in presence of achievements of world-wide fame? Berlin conferred the freedom of the city upon him, an honor granted but to a very few, such as Field-Marshal Moltke. Whatever differences of opinion may now and then arise as to some details of learned interpretation, his is a name that will live forever, as long as men still interest themselves in the history of their race and in the imperishable poetry founded thereon.-National Review.

[THE following pages were written during a coasting voyage along the tropical littoral between Mozambique and Guardafui, transcribed from notes which, still impregnated with the indescribable odor of Africa, recall vivid reminiscences of the scenes wherein they were

made-sometimes in a Kaffir hut, where a hospitable headman shared with me, sheltering from a storm, his noonday meal of curdled amass; sometimes on the high veldt or beneath the shade of a mimosa-tree during the happy hour of off saddling. The only merit

of the descriptions is that they were made amid the local coloring of the country: other. wise the narrative is wofully tame compared to the thrilling recitals of more adventurous tourists, the commercial travellers of the dark continent. As, however, everything African is nowadays of interest, it has been thought worth while to print this account of a forgot ten corner of the land protected by the British flag for half a century, yet less known than are the remoter regions between the Vaal and the great Equatorial lakes, which now occupy the chanceries of half the capitals of Europe. -J. E. C. B.]

One cloudless summer morning, in a month associated in England with fog and sleet, the brilliant South African sun was lighting up the red mass of the Parliament Houses at Cape Town, in striking contrast of coloring to the green background of Table Mountain and to the deep blue of the sky, as I made my way from among the trees of the Botanical Gardens to the primitive building which contains the public offices of the colony. Sir Thomas Upington was waiting for me to talk over the route he had planned for me with his colleague and successor, Sir Gordon Sprigg, for a tour in the western and eastern provinces. Nothing can surpass the kindness of all persons in authority in South Africa to English travellers who are anxious to see the country, and willing to give time and energy to so doing. Sir Hercules Robinson, who was approaching the term of his memorable governorship, not content with giving me letters and information of great value, had put me in the hands of the Prime Minister of the Cape to help me farther on my way. The Commissioner of Works had placed at my disposal a pass over the Government railway system; but as it was my intention to travel chiefly off the beaten tracks, by Cape-cart and in the saddle, still more valuable were the good offices of the Premier in providing me with a budget of introductions to the magistrates and other functionaries stationed throughout the colony.

Sir Thomas Upington, as he went through the pile of letters with a map of South Africa, remarked, "Now, if you could only extend your tour into native territory, you would at the end of it have seen more of Africa south of the Transvaal, not only than any traveller from the old country, but than any Africander." Just as he was uttering the words the door opened, and in walked Mr. de Wet,

A month later, after a wonderful journey of over a thousand miles through the southern parts of Cape Colony, I left King William's Town on my way into Kaffirland. The people in the old frontier town had advised me, as my time was not unlimited, to push on by post-cart from Kei Road through the Transkei as far as Umtata, the capital of Tembuland. The road at first lay through miles of monotonous rolling veldt, and after an hour or two of driving in the low Cape-cart drawn by six horses, the air was so clear that our destination at night was plainly visible when still fifty miles away. This was the Amaxosa country, the scene of the great cattle-slaughter of 1857. To a young girl, Nongquanse, a Kaffir Marie Bernadette, there appeared on the banks of a stream the spirit of a dead chief, who bade her tell the nation to slay all the cattle of their vast herds, and to destroy all the corn stored in pits. Then on a certain day myriads of oxen would issue from the earth to take the place of the slaughtered kine; fields of ripe waving corn would spring up; the ancient warriors of the past would reappear; and the sky would fall and crush the whites and the Fingo dogs. Agents of the British Government and missionaries vainly tried to stem the frenzy. Two hundred thousand hides of slaughtered cattle were bartered to traders for trifles, and great kraals were prepared for the promised herds. Thousands of the Amaxosa race were famishing even before the appointed day: at sunrise the whole nation was watching for the morning, and as the hours went by without any of the portents appearing, the Kaffirs awoke to the reality that they had been duped. In British Kaffraria alone there perished that year of famine nearly 70,000 natives.

The whole of the first day's journey was over ground made historic in the war of the Axe in 1846, and in subsequent Kaffir wars. My one travelling companion, the post-contractor at Umtata, had held a lieutenant's commission in the more recent