writer of historical fiction dealing especially with the colonial period. Author of the following novels: “Standish of Standish,” “Betty Alden,” “The First-Born Daughter of the Pilgrims," "The Shadow of Moloch Mountain," "The Desmond Hundred," etc.

IRVING BACHELLER. Born in New York, 1859. Actively connected with the press of New York for years. Novelist whose best known book is “Eben Holden." Also author of "Silas Strong," "Vergilius," "The Master," "Keeping Up with Lizzie," etc.

JOHN KENDRICK BANGS. Born in New York, 1862. Editor at different times of Harper's Magazine, Metropolitan Magazine, Puck, etc. Author of a great many humorous, imaginative, and popular works of fiction, among which may be mentioned "Tiddledywinks Tales," "A House Boat on the Styx," "The Pursuit of the House Boat," "Ghosts I Have Met,” “Olympian Nights," "Proposal Under Difficulties" (farce), “Songs of Cheer," and "Tomorrowland" (a musical fantasy).

AMELIA EDITH BARR. Born in Ulverston, Lancashire, England, in 1831. Novelist. Among 66 novels may be mentioned "Jan Vedder's Wife," "Remember the Alamo," and "Between Two Loves."

ARLO BATES. Born in Maine in 1850. Educator, essayist, and novelist. Author of "A Wheel of Fire," "Sonnets in Shadow," "A Book o' Nine Tales," "Talks on Teaching Literature," and numerous others.

REX BEACH. Born in Michigan in 1877. Author of realistic novels dealing with conditions in the Klondike, among which may be mentioned "The Spoilers," "The Iron Trail," etc.

HENRY WARD BEECHER (1813-1887). A native of Connecticut. Famous Congregational clergyman and lecturer. Author of "Eyes and Ears," "Lectures to Young Men," "Speeches on the American Rebellion,” etc. AMBROSE BIERCE. Born in Ohio, 1842. Civil War veteran, journalist, and author. The following titles are suggestive of his work: "Cobwebs from an Empty Skull," "Fantastic Fables," "The Shadow on the Dial, and Other Essays," and "Write It Right."

JOSH BILLINGS. See Henry W. Shaw.

GEORGE HENRY BOKER (1823-1890). A native of Philadelphia. Poet, diplomat, and dramatist. Author of "Poems of War," "The Book of the Dead" (poems), and of the tragedies “Calaynos,” “Francesca da Rimini,”

etc.

HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN (1848-1895). A native of Norway, but for many years a professor in Columbia College. A scholar, novelist, poet, and historian. Author of "Gunnar," "A Norseman's Pilgrimage," "Falconberg," "Goethe and Schiller," "The Story of Norway," "Idyls of Norway, and Other Poems."

ALICE BROWN. Born in New Hampshire in 1857. One of the best known short story-writers of America. Author of "Meadow-Grass" (New England stories), "The Mannerings," "Rose MacLeod," "Country Neighbors" (stories), and numerous others.

CHARLES FARRAR Browne ("Artemus Ward") (1834-1867). A humorist and lecturer, whose humor was grotesque and whose satire was good-natured. Author of "Artemus Ward: His Book," "Artemus Ward among the Mormons," "Artemus Ward in London," etc.

HENRY CUYLER BUNNER (1855-1896). A New York journalist, editor of Puck, and writer of graceful verse and readable fiction. Author of "Love in Old Cloathes," "The Story of a New York House," "Short Sixes" (a collection of humorous tales), “Airs from Arcady and Elsewhere,” etc. ROBERT J. BURDETTE (1844-1914). A native of Pennsylvania. A newspaper humorist who was for some years editor of The Hawkeye, Burlington Iowa. Author of "Hawkeyetems,” “Rise and Fall of The Mustache,” “Innach Garden, and Other Comic Sketches," and "Life of William Penn." FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT. Born in Manchester, England, in 1849. A magazine writer and novelist of excellent gifts. Author of "That Lass o' Lowrie's," "Haworth's," "Through One Administration," "Little Lord Fauntleroy,” “Sara Crewe,” “In Connection with the Willoughby Claim,"

etc.

CLARA LOUISE BURNHAM. Born in Massachusetts, 1845. Poet and novelist. Author of "Dr. Latimer,” “A West Point Wooing," "The Inner Flame,"

etc.

JOHN BURROUGHS. Born in New York in 1837. An essayist whose sympathetic studies of nature have made him popular. Author of "Wake Robin," "Birds and Poets," "Winter Sunshine," "Indoor Studies," "Squirrels and Other Fur Bearers," etc.

GEORGE W. CABLE. Born in Louisiana in 1844. A distinguished novelist of Creole life. Author of "Old Creole Days," "The Grandissimes," "Madame Delphine," "Dr. Sevier," "John March, Southerner," etc. (See text.) WILL CARLETON (1845-1912). A native of Michigan. Author, lecturer, and editor. A writer of homely verse, in which the story often takes the place of poetic inspiration. Author of "Farm Ballads," "Farm Legends," "Farm Festivals," "City Ballads," "Rhymes of Our Planet," etc. BLISS CARMAN. Born in New Brunswick in 1861. A poet and journalist. Author of "Low Tide on Grand Pré," "A Sea-mark,' ," "Behind the Arras," "Ballads of Lost Haven," "Songs from Vagabondia," "The Vengeance of Noel Brassard."

ALICE CARY (1820-1871) and PHOEBE CARY (1824-1871) were born in Ohio but spent the latter part of their lives in New York. The former was

poet and novelist; she wrote "Lyra, and Other Poems," "Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns,” “Pictures of Country Life,” “"Hagar," "Married, not Mated," etc. The latter wrote "Poems and Parodies," "Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love."

MARY H. CATHERWOOD (1847-1902). A native of Ohio. Writer of careful historical romances dealing with the early days of Canada and the Northwest. Author of "A Woman in Armour," "The Spirit of an Illinois Town,” "Old Caravan Days," etc.

MADISON JULIUS CAWEIN (1865-1914). A native of Kentucky. One of the best of recent American lyrists. Author of "Bloom of the Berry,"

"Lyrics and Idyls," "Poems of Nature and Love," "The Garden of Dreams," "Shapes and Shadows," etc.

ROBERT W. CHAMBERS. Born in New York, 1865. Artist, and author of many popular novels. He has debased a fine talent to the writing of sensuous fiction. Among many works may be mentioned "Ashes of Empire," "The Fighting Chance," "The Firing Line," "The Green Mouse," and "The Witch of Ellangowan" (a drama).

GEORGE RANDOLPH CHESTER. Born in Ohio, 1869. Journalist and storywriter. Author of the popular Wallingford stories. Has written "GetRich-Quick Wallingford,” “The Cash Intrigue,” “Wallingford and Blackie Daw," and a number of others.

JOHN VANCE CHENEY. Born in New York, 1848. Author of "The Old Doctor," "That Dome in Air" (essays), “Out of the Silence" (poems), “At the Silver Gate" (poems), etc.

WINSTON CHURCHILL. Born in Missouri in 1871. One of our most representative American novelists. His "Inside of the Cup" has been widely read and discussed. Author of "Richard Carvel" and "The Crisis," two popular historical novels, also "Mr. Crewe's Career," "Coniston,” etc. JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE (1810-1888). An able Unitarian clergyman of Boston. Among his numerous works are "Orthodoxy: its Truths and Errors," "Ten Great Religions," "Self-Culture," and "Every-Day Religion," the last two being especially helpful.

SAMUEL L. CLEMENS ("Mark Twain") (1835-1910). Born in Missouri. Miner and journalist in Nevada until his popularity as a humorist turned him to lecturing and authorship. The most popular, though not the most ⚫ delicate, of our humorists. Author of "The Innocents Abroad," "Roughing It," "Adventures of Tom Sawyer," "A Tramp Abroad," "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," "A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court," "Joan of Arc," etc. (See text.)

ROSE TERRY COOKE (1827-1892). Born in Connecticut. A writer of both prose and verse, her short stories being particularly excellent. Author of

"Happy Dodd," "Somebody's Neighbors,'
," "The Sphinx's Children and
Other People's," "Poems," etc.

CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK. See Mary N. Murfree.
PEARL MARY-TERESA CRAIGIE (“John Oliver Hobbes") (1867-1906). A
native of Boston. Among her varied works are "A Study in Temptations,"
"The Herb Moon," "School for Saints" (both novels), "Tales about Tem-
peraments,” “The Wisdom of the Wise” (play), and many others.
CHRISTOPHER P. CRANCH (1813-1892). A native of Virginia. Artist and
transcendental poet. Author of "Thought," "The Bird and the Bell, and
Other Poems," "Satan, a Libretto," etc.

STEPHEN CRANE (1870-1900). A popular New York novelist. Author of
"George's Mother," "The Black Riders and Other Lives" (verse), "The
Red Badge of Courage" (romance of the Civil War in America), and
"Maggie."

FRANCIS MARION CRAWFORD (1854-1909). Born in Italy, the son of an American sculptor. Studied at Harvard and at universities abroad. He resided in Italy. A prolific and popular novelist; author of “Mr. Isaacs,” "A Roman Singer," and the Saracinesca trio (including "Saracinesca," "Sant' Ilario," and "Don Orsino"), "Via Crucis," etc.

RICHARD HENRY DANA, Jr. (1815-1882). A native of Massachusetts. Author of the famous "Two Years Before the Mast," a narrative of personal adventure, which was adopted officially by the British Admiralty for circulation in the navy. His other works include "To Cuba and Back,” “Life of Major Vinton," and several others.

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RICHARD HARDING DAVIS (1864-1916). A native of Philadelphia. A novelist and journalist; prominent as newspaper correspondent in the war with Spain. Author of "Soldiers of Fortune,' 'Gallagher, and Other Stories," "The Princess Aline," "Van Bibber and Others," "The King's Jackal," "Episodes in Van Bibber's Life," "With Both Armies in South Africa,"

etc.

MARGARET WADE DELAND. Born in Pennsylvania in 1857, but has lived in Boston since 1880. A writer of novels and poems. “The Awakening of Helena Richie" had a wide circulation, and her novels in general have been deservedly popular.) Author of "John Ward, Preacher," "The Old Garden and Other Verses," "Philip and his Wife,” “The Wisdom of Fools," "Old Chester Tales," "The Iron Woman," etc.

THOMAS DIXON. Born in North Carolina in 1864. Lawyer, minister, novelist, and playwright. His novels portraying conditions in the South after the Civil War are overdrawn and sensational, but have been widely read. Author of "The Leopard's Spots," "The One Woman," "The Clansman," "The Sins of the Father," etc.

MARY A. DODGE ("Gail Hamilton") (1838-1896). A native of Massachusetts, whose pungent style made her writings popular. Author of "A New Atmosphere," "Woman's Wrongs," "Sermons to the Clergy," “Woman's Worth and Worthlessness," "Biography of James G. Blaine," etc. MARY MAPES Dodge (1838-1905). A New York writer of poems and stories for young people, for many years editor of Saint Nicholas. The following works may be mentioned: “Donald and Dorothy,” “Rhymes and Jingles,” "The Land of Pluck,” “When Life is Young,” “Theophilus and Others," and "Hans Brinker," the last a little classic, which has been translated into French, German, Dutch, and other languages.

MR. DOOLEY. See Finley Peter Dunne.

PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR (1872-1906). Born in Ohio. A verse-writer of African descent, best known for his “Lyrics of Lowly Life.”

FINLEY PETER DUNNE ("Mr. Dooley"). Born in Chicago in 1867. Journalist and humorist, famous as the creator of Mr. Dooley. Author of "Mr. Dooley's Opinions," "Observations by Mr. Dooley," etc.

HENRY VAN DYKE. Born in Pennsylvania in 1852. Presbyterian clergyman, professor of English literature at Princeton, poet, essayist, minister to Holland. Author of "The Reality of Religion," "The Poetry of Tennyson," "The Other Wise Man," "The Gospel for an Age of Doubt," "The Toiling of Felix, and Other Poems," "The Blue Flower," etc. EDWARD EGGLESTON (1837-1903). A native of Indiana. A Methodist minister and author. Author of “The Hoosier Schoolmaster," "The End of the World," "The Mystery of Metropolisville," "The Circuit Rider," "The Graysons," works on American history, etc. (See text.) EUGENE FIELD (1850-1895). A native of Missouri. A journalist and author of Chicago, whose writings, especially his poems for and about children, have attracted much attention. Author of "A Little Book of Profitable Tales," ‚” “A Little Book of Western, Verse," "Love Songs of Childhood," "With Trumpet and Drum," "Songs and Other Verse," etc. JOHN FISKE (1842-1901). A distinguished philosopher and historian of Cambridge. As a thinker he belonged to the school of Darwin and Spencer. He wrote "Myths and Myth-makers," "Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy,” “The Destiny of Man," "The American Revolution," "Old Virginia and her Neighbours," etc.

PAUL LEICESTER FORD (1865-1902). A historian and novelist of New York City. He edited "The Writings of Thomas Jefferson" in ten volumes. Author of "The Honorable Peter Stirling," "The Story of an Untold Love," "The True George Washington," "Janice Meredith " (which was widely read), etc.

JOHN FOX, Jr. Born in Kentucky in 1863. A gifted writer whose novels