seem to us worse enemies to religion than fully peopled, and flourishing like a green baymany to whom ecclesiastical nomenclature tree.' His son Thomson (Tomihoni) Rauperaha, is described as "a discreet Christian teacher, and tea-and-toast man."

awards the title of schismatics.

These are, however, but spots of shadow in the general prospect. The old heathen state is passing bodily away -a new Christian polity arising under our eyes like the fabric of a dream. In the neighborhood of the chief European settlements to borrow the energetic language of Governor Grey himself:

Both races already form one harmonious community, connected together by commercial and agricultural pursuits, professing the same faith, resorting to the same courts of justice, joining in the same public sports, standing mutually and indifferently to each other in the relation of landlord and tenant, and thus insensibly forming one people.

And now, as if to complete, with dramatic accuracy, the strange transformation which the last nine years have wrought-it seems as if the actors with whose names we are most familiar in the busy politics of New Zealand, were either disappearing together from the scene, or adapting their character to altered circumstances, so as to become absolutely new men. In May, 1850, our old enemy, John Heké, died at Waimate; being little above forty years of age. Col. Mundy believes, that

"Thomas Walker Nene," our active and gallant ally throughout the struggle of 1845, offered to colonel Mundy to surrender the pension which he holds for his services, "if the Governor would get him a fine mill from Sydney... It is to be hoped that before very long he became, what was the height of his ambition, a miller on his own account, grinding corn at so much per bushel." Yet this man was noted for acts of daring bravery in the olden day: once, "when his blood and heart were high," he walked alone into the pah of an enemy, called him out by name, and shot him dead for having murdered his friend and relative. But the most unaccountable of these changes seems to have come over the greatest savage of all, Rangihaieta, the chief who, at the his own tomahawk, in cold blood, captains so-called " massacre of Wairau," killed with England and Wakefield and fifteen other English prisoners; in revenge, it must be added, for the death of one of his wives by a chance-shot in the skirmish.

"In 1849," says a government surveyor in a report," the old chief pointed out to me the imattention more than once to the large lagoons, pregnable nature of his position, by calling my morasses, dense forest, and high hills with which he is surrounded; giving me to understand that he would not be destitute of food while the lagoons supplied eels, the forest birds, mamaku, or other food, on which, with occasional contributions from surrounding tribes, he and his followers could subsist. At this time, the very mention of a road seemed to excite his indigna

tion."

The immediate cause of the death of the Lion of the North, was a sound thrashing administered by his wife! It is certain that the daughter of the great chief, Hongi, was very jealous of her lowborn but handsome husband; and had cause to be so, up to the very day of his decease. Heke's intimate friend and ally, Pene Taui, reporting his death to the governor, writes, "Thus it was Heke was sleeping in the forenoon-he was sound asleep. Then came Harriet with a hani (a staff or club) and struck him on the ribs. When she had beaten him, she threw him down He was shrewdly of opinion, that "the only obupon the bed; and when he was down, she showered blows and kicks upon him. That is all. ject of roads was to conquer New Zealanders." Strange to say, he is now so bitten with what But it is worth mentioning-to show the the surveyor calls the prevalent "mania for sensitiveness of the natives to European ap-road-making" among the natives of that part preciation of their notions and conduct-that of the country, that, with the encouragement the Governor has found himself obliged to sat- of a Roman Catholic missionary, he has inisfy Harriet's feelings and those of her tribe duced his people to make three admirable by a formal report to Downing-Street, contra- lines of road through the heart of his own fastdicting Pene Taui's scandals, and certifying, on medical authority, that Heké died of consumption. The southern chief, Te Rauperaha, whom it had been necessary to detain in surveillance for eighteen months after the insurrection, died in 1849. He had been released two years before, and colonel Mundy accompanied him to his home. "It is said," the colonel informs us, "that he was well nigh broken-hearted when he found his grand old heathen pah, which stands close to the seashore (near Wellington), utterly deserted and in ruins, while the new Christian settlement is

nesses, and drives his own gig, we are told, on his own highway. One of these roads he has designated the "Governor's Back-bone," thereby, in native etiquette, making over the ownership and superintendence of it to the Governor.*

Thus "the great Heuheu of Taupo," a powerful northern chief, once proclaimed that the splendid volcanic mountain Tongariro, one of the grandest natural objects of the island, was his own backbone. The result of which was, that the mountain was as inconveniently "tabooed," to picturesque and other explorers, as certain Scottish glens are said to be by certain civilized chieftains.

Together with the principal native actors on | He may now depart in peace; his part is this distant stage, we have now to bid farewell played out, and room is made for the exertions to the principal European. The bishop is for of new performers. Whatever judgment may the present in England, explaining to his own be passed on other points of Governor Grey's countrymen the wants and history of his diversified administration - and it is his foradopted race. And Sir George Grey has left tune to have singularly able as well as hostile his government-perhaps not to return. He critics, both here and in his own islands - the has left it escorted by the prayers and bless- present age must needs do him justice as the ings of thousands, whom he has seen raised, founder of Maori civilization; and we fermainly through his own judgment and perse-vently hope that posterity may crown the verance, from barbarism to civilization. No judgment by pointing to the permanence of his man in our day, perhaps in any day, has ac- work. complished such a task. And yet it is not to the governor that these simple and cordial people bring the homage of their attachment, of our former article on this subject, respecting but to the man. It is the charm of sympathy the licensing of houses for the sale of spirits at which has won them the charm of his own the Sandwich Islands, under the British Comdeep and somewhat enthusiastic affection for mission of Government, in 1843, we have been the race which he knows so well and has since informed by one of the Commissioners that served so truly. In the words of a poetical farewell to him, from the natives of Otaki, which lies before us :

Thy love came first, not mine:
Thou didst first behold
With favor and regard

The meanest of our race:
Hence it is that the heart o'crflows.*

It was not only for his paternal government that Sir George Grey had an especial claim to this poetical tribute, for it is to him that the natives are indebted for the preservation of their old national songs. He published at New Zealand, in 1853,

NOTE. With reference to a statement at p. 84

the licensees were expressly prohibited from selling spirits to natives. Our statement was taken from the account of Alexander Simpson, Seerotary to the Commission, which omits to mention this circumstance."

a considerable octavo volume of Maori verse, which he had diligently gleaned, for seven years, in all parts of the islands. "The most favorable time," he states in his preface," for collecting these poems, was at the great meetings of the people upon public affairs, when their chiefs and more eloquent orators addressed them. On those occasions, according to the custom of the nation, the most effec tive speeches were principally made up from recitations of portions of ancient poems."

send their demands before that date, or they will be liable to exclusion. In respect of the representation of the fine arts, the committees for painting, architecture and sculpture have held meetings; and, we believe, the regulations on which artists are to be invited, which they have recommended to the Board of Trade, will be issued forthwith.

Paris Universal Exhibition of 1855.- Almost all the chief seats of manufacturing industry have reported to the department of Science and Art the formation of local trade committees to promote the Paris Exhibition. Effective committees have been organized at Birmingham, Shef field, Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Coventry, Macclesfield, the Potteries, Trowbridge, Belfast, Dublin, Glasgow, Paisley, Dundee, Arbroath, Aberdeen, Dunfermline, etc. Manchester is to hold its meeting this week. The Council of the The Wife's Manual; or Prayers, Thoughts, Civil Engineers has addressed a strong letter to and Songs on several occasions of a Matron's its members, urging their co-operation. The Life. By the Rev. W. Calvert, M. A., Rector Royal Agricultural Society has formed a special of St. Antholin's, and one of the Minor Canons committee. The Corporation of Liverpool, it is of St. Paul's. A series of Poems on the inci

said, is preparing to exhibit illustrations of its dents and feelings of married life, from the shipping in all its branches. Additional commit-wedding-day till death. Considered strictly, tees of trade, to those already reported, have been there may be want of consistency in some of the formed in the metropolis for general metal work- topics in order to embrace all the events of maring, saddlery and harness, leather dressing, carriage as an affectionate, an estranged husband; riages, printing, bookbinding, clothing, boots and shoes, paper making, chemical manufactures, cutlery and gun making, so that there appears every promise of a complete and effective display in Paris. We understand that, in accordance with its wishes, a report will be made to the Imperial Commission, as soon as possible after the first of August. of the total space likely to be wanted for exhibiting the industry of the United Kingdom; and all those who purpose exhibiting should

and the pieces are sometimes as much religious as domestic or hymencal. Poetry they hardly reach, except occasionally when the subject is poetical in itself, as the verses on the death of a little daughter. But the Wife's Manual is an ele gant production: tender and pious in sentiment, close and expressive in style, and the verse quite equal to the great bulk of the religious poetry which takes a permanent place in our national collections. Spectator.

From the Times. THE LATE THOMAS HOOD. On the 18th July, a monument was raised to the memory of this great humorist and poet, and Mr. Monckton Milnes delivered an address upon the occasion. It was to the following effect:

-

the word; but at the same time, I by no means think that his poetical powers were of so great and remarkable a character that his if it had been confined to his poetical works reputation would have become such as it is alone. By his poetical works, I mean those developments of pure imagination, which are "I have been asked to come here today to be to the world in general. In all these works more interesting to literary men than they can say a few words before we open to your view the monument which has been erected to his which enable many a youth to throw out good we recognize not only the lyrical facilities memory. It is now some years since we laid our friend below us in this pleasant place, mind of mature years. But his fame that for poetry; but the refined taste and cultivated where he rests after a long illness—after a life which he is chiefly known to us -belongs to of noble struggle with much adversity, and of him as an English humorist; and in using that nothing but good to his fellow men. It is now word, I use no word inapplicable to the occathought advisable that a few words should be sion or unworthy of his fame. It is the boast said before that ceremony takes place. It is of our literature, as distinguished from that of rather a habit of our neighbors the French all other nations, that from the earliest times than of ourselves, to make eulogistic orations of its history we find humoristic writers who at the tombs of our friends. I do not think delighted the age in which they lived and the habit in general is pleasing to our taste; those which succeeded them. In that category but there are reasons why, on the present oc- we may place Shakspeare himself, and we may casion, it may not be unbecoming. At the same time, it is very difficult to perform this draw, downwards, a long genealogical list of duty, because we must feel that, if ever there Lamb, Sydney Smith, and Thomas Hood. I humorists, ending with the names of Charles was a character of simplicity and humility, it do not know whether my opinions in this matwas that of the late Mr. Thomas Hood; and it ter may be peculiar ; but I have often thought would not become us, on the present occasion, that if I were to pray to Heaven for a gift to be to indulge in eulogies which, if he were here given to any person in whose moral and intelhimself, would be distasteful to him; for he fectual welfare I was especially interested, it was a man who ever retired from the crowd, would be that he might have the gift of humor. and who loved, as he has said in his own clas- The gift of humor is, as it were, the balance sical and beautiful language: of all the faculties. It enables a man to see the To kneel remote upon the simple sod, strong contrasts of life around him; it preAnd sue, in forma pauperis, to God. vents him being too much devoted to his own knowledge, and too proud of his own imaginaOur German friends call a cemetery of this tion, and it also disposes him to submit, with a kind," God's field," and we must not desecrate wise and pious patience, to the vicissitudes of it by vain and pompous eulogies over a fellow- his daily existence. It is thus that humorists, mortal. All we can do is to commit him, with such as Hood has been, and as Dickens is now, all his errors, to the mercy of God, and at the are great benefactors of our species, not only same time to keep his memory dear and his on account of the amusement which they give fame bright among us. This is the purpose of us, but because they are great moral teachers. the friends of Mr. Thomas Hood who have The humorous writings of Mr. Thomas Hood raised this structure. Some of them were fa- have instructed you many years, and will inmiliar with him from his youth- the eyes of struct your children after you. I should menothers never lit upon his person. It would be tion, however, that this combination of poetry invidious to single out any of these friends of and humor does not produce, in all persons, the poet; but I may mention the name of one the same blessed effects that it has produced lady who is well known to us all, Miss Eliza here. In some cases it has degenerated into Cook, to whose exertions, in all quarters of so- impatient satire and fierce revolt against the ciety, the erection of this monument is very better feelings of humanity. In such a mind as much owing. Some, too, have contributed to that of Swift, it produced these evil effects; it who did not appreciate him during his life- but in such a mind as Hood's, it produced ditime to them may be applicable his beauti-rectly the contrary: it generated a noble and ful lines:

Farewell; we did not know thy worth;

But thou art gone, and now 'tis prized. So angels walked unknown on earth, But when they flew were recognized.

generous sympathy with the wants and desires of his fellow-creatures; and it is for this combination of poetical genius and humor and earnest philanthropy, that his name has grown up to become, as it were, a proverb for great wit united with deep and solemn sympathies. We

He was a poeta poet in the true sense of recognize, ladies and gentlemen, these rare

--

It

merits of Mr. Thomas Hood, in the produc- this simple man of letters. What was done tions of his mature life, such as "the Bridge on that occasion was sufficient for the purpose. of Sighs," and "the Song of the Shirt," I will ask you, therefore, in looking upon this verses which appear occasionally, and only oc- bust, to regard it as a memorial not only of casionally, in literature, and which seem like the interest of his friends, but as a memorial products of the acmè of the human mind - of national interest for a national name. such products as the prison-song of Love-lace, consists, as you perceive, of a plain bust upon the elegy of Gray, the sea-songs of Campbell, a pedestal. I have always thought that a "the Burial of Sir John Moore," and the man's bust is the best monument which could "May Queen" of Alfred Tennyson poems be raised to him; it is that which is most calwhich, though they cost their authors much less culated to show people who come after him trouble than many of their less successful works, what he really was, and it is less dumb and are, nevertheless, the anchors (so to speak) of less vacant than the monuments which we see their world-wide fame. These beautiful poems mostly around us. It is perfectly true that, of Mr. Thomas Hood have had a deep moral generally speaking, we find that busts repreeffect on different classes of society. If there sent the dead when we could wish they repreare among those poems and others of Mr. sented the living; it is perfectly true, also, Thomas Hood, some expressions of stern indig- that in our everyday walk among living nation if there are some passages which may seem almost exceptions to the general amiability of his character, it is that he wished to enforce the moral, that

Evil is wrought by want of thought
As well as want of heart.

I do not think, therefore, that there was any
levity in his character because he was an
humorist. I do not think because you find in
his works that with his rich wit and his great
possessions of language he delighted to play
with words as if almost they were fireworks,
there was a want of gravity or seriousness in
his composition. In a poem of his which is a
perfect repertorium of wit and spirit, he seems
conscious of this himself, for he writes to the
effect that-

However critics may take offence,

A double meaning gives double sense.

busts we see men of genius, whom we do not
recognize and whose services and virtues we
do not honor; and after all this may, perhaps,
be but a poor acknowledgment of the worth
of the poet and humorist; but still here it is,
and we have raised it, and I trust all will feel
that in so doing we have not done honor to
time of his fatal illness I was very much haunt-
him, but to ourselves. I remember that at the
ed with the recollection of some lines of his,
They are contained in a little poem called
which, I dare say, some of you remember.
The Deathbed-

We watch'd her breathing thro' the night,
Her breathing soft and low,
As in her breast the wave of life
Kept heaving to and fro.

So silently we seemed to speak,
So slowly moved about,
As we had lent her half our powers
To eke her living out.

Our very hopes belied our fears,

Our fears our hopes belied
We thought her dying when she slept,
And sleeping when she died.

For when the morn came dim and sad,
And chill with early showers,
Her quiet eyelids closed-she had
Another morn than ours.

And there are, no doubt, certain subtile faculties about us which enables us to find such great pleasure in the combination of this agility of diction with seriousness of purpose. Ladies and gentlemen who have raised this monument, I was informed by a friend of mine, and a dear friend of his, who remained with him to the last-Mr. Ward-that Mr. Thomas Hood was in very great disease and suffering, that he was laboring under some pecuniary difficulties that his mind was not easy on Thomas Hood has now another morn than those points, and that it would be a great re- ours-may that morn have brightened into lief to him to obtain some assistance, if he perfect day! May his spirit look down with could do so by any honorable means, for he gratification upon us who have raised this modwas determined to employ no other. I went est homage to him-may he look down with on that occasion to Sir R. Peel, from whom I met with the most perfect sympathy as regarded the object I had in view; and it was to me a most interesting fact that that great man, governing the destinies of this mighty nation, and engaged as he was in the gravest pursuits, could nevertheless be drawn, by the force of human sympathy, to take a deep interest in

pleasure on these he has left behind him, and who inherit his honor and his name and may we all bear home with us the consoling reflec tion, that the fame of which a wise and honest man should be ambitious is not that of acquir ing wealth, power, or even earning clamorous applause, but the attaining of such homage as we are now paying to one who among us was

a brother and a friend-one who may make | Hood, born 23d of May, 1798; died 3d of us at the same time thankful to the age in May, 1845: erected by public subscription which it has pleased Providence to cast our A. D. 1854." On the sides of the pedestal lot, and grateful to the race and country of are medallions illustrating the "Bridge of which we are common citizens and men." Sighs" and "the Dream of Eugene Aram." The monument consists of a large bronze The monument is the work of Mr. Matthew bust of Hood, elevated on a handsome pedestal Noble. It is simple in design, and correctly of polished red granite. On a slab beneath executed, and looks well in the midst of the the bust is his own self-inscribed epitaph-medley of monuments with which Kensal"He sang The Song of the Shirt';" and green is filling. But, independently of any upon the projecting front of the pedestal the consideration of that kind, this must ever be inscription is carved-"In memory of Thomas one of the chief treasures of the place.

From The Economist, 15 July. their forces in the neighborhood of fortresses THE ASPECT OF WARLIKE AFFAIRS. which they might seize and of a line of retreat which they might secure. We have learned, also, THE electric telegraph, instead of being a that the extraordinary slow movements both of blessing, is really almost a nuisance. In place of the invaders and the allies are to be accounted adding to our knowledge, it only complicates our for in a great measure by the same cause— - viz, ignorance. Now it transmits information so the insuperable difficulty in the way of finding fragmentary as to be utterly incomprehensible. means of conveyance for artillery and stores. It Now it forwards statements which are simply appears now that they will have even to draw premature; now statements which are utterly un- upon Asia for a sufficiency of beasts of draught founded. Now it anticipates official despatches and burden. Finally, the prompt retrograde by some days or weeks; now, again, it sends, movement of the Russians on a defensible line with every appearance of haste, novelty, and im- far to the northward of their recent scene of opportance, details of events which we gradually erations, inexplicable if regarded as the consediscover to be only some antiquated story -aquence merely of their failure before Silistria, becold réchanffée of transactions nearly a month comes intelligible enough when considered in old. What with anticipations, contradictions, re- reference to the supposed appearance of a new assertions, and repetitions, every one becomes perfectly bewildered; and in these days of rapid posts and instantaneous communications, we begin to think that we must wait for any real understanding of the course of events for the weekly resumé, the quarterly reviews, or even for the annual register.

enemy in the field, who, if really disposed for vigorous and effective hostilities, might easily take them in the rear, cut off their communications with home, and ensure their total destruction or surrender.

So much for the past, which has become considerably clearer. The present and the future The circumstances of the war and the informa- are still dark, and seem to grow darker with each tion transmitted from the seat of war are by de- succeeding piece of information which the telegrees enabling us to gain some comprehension graph or our own correspondents" transmit of the past, but do not enlighten us much as to from day to day. A fortnight ago we were told the probabilities of the future. We know now that a peremptory demand for the evacuation of why Gallipoli was chosen as the first spot for the the Principalities had been sent from Vienna to debarkation of the French contingent: it was the St. Petersburg; that the answer, if not formally nearest port whence Adrianople could be reached, given, was virtually known; that the Austrians and Adrianople is the most important strategic were sending steamer after steamer full of troops position south of the Balkan, and the one which to Orsova, to Widdin, to Giurgevo, and would it was most essential to possess and fortify in occupy the Principalities immediately; and that case the invaders had succeeded in penetrating the Russians were retiring to the Sereth, removfar into the country; which, when the troops ing their head-quarters to Jassy, in Moldavia, were despatched from Toulon, appeared far from and concentrating themselves on that frontier to improbable. We know now why the English meet their new antagonist. This week we are contingent was landed at Scutari: there were informed that all this is, if not unfounded, at least barracks ready for them there, and they would premature; that no decided answer will be rethus be within a few hours' sail of Varna, where ceived from the Czar for a fortnight; that autoit seemed likely they would be wanted, and whi- graph letters and counter-propositions are sent ther they could be despatched with little delay as instead; that the Russians will not evacuate soon as preparations in the way of food and shel- Wallachia, and are concentrating round Buchater had been made for their reception. We can rest; and that "the Austrian troops will not pass understand, too, the simultaneous advance and the frontier." Everything seems again involved retreat of the Russians - their retirement east- in the uncertainty from which it was just emerg ward from Kalafat, and their inroad into the ing. It looks very much as if the Czar was reDobrudscha. We see now that both were defen- sorting to his old policy, of writing, proposing, sive measures: they had begun to misdoubt Aus- and protocolling, in order to gain time, trian neutrality, and they desired to concentrate if Austria were permitting him to do so.

and as