Understanding Constitutional Law

abortion affirmative action applied argued authority Board broadcast burden challenge Chief Justice Burger City claim classifications Commerce Clause commerce power concurring Congress constitutional Court found Court held Court invalidated Court rejected criminal decision defendant discrimination dissent doctrine Due Process Clause effect employees enforcement Equal Protection Clause establish Establishment Clause executive Fifth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment free exercise free speech gender governmental imposed interest interstate commerce involved issue joined by Justices judicial jurisprudence jury Justice Black Justice Blackmun Justice Brennan Justice Douglas Justice O'Connor Justice Powell Justice Rehnquist Justice Stevens Justice White legislative limited majority minority officers opinion ordinance overbreadth Party persons plaintiff plurality political President prior restraint prohibited public forum purpose racial refused regulation religion religious restrictions standard state's statute strict scrutiny substantial substantive due process supra Supreme Court unconstitutional United upheld violated vote women York